314 
BRITISH ENTOMOSTRACA. 
dations by which we are carried from that genus to the 
Caligns itself, thence to Argulus, and through it to the 
Apus and other Branchiopods. He still retained them, 
however, amongst the Epizoa; and Desmarest, in his 'Cons, 
gen. sur la Classe des Crust./ 1825, appears to have 
been the first to distinctly refer them, as a group, to the 
class Crustacea.* 
In 1826, MM. Audouin and Milne Edwards discovered 
a parasite upon the Astacus, or lobster, the Nicothoe,f 
and in the course of their observations upon the history 
of this curious Siphonostome they came to the conclusion, 
reasoning from analogy, that the Lerneee were real 
Crustacea, that “ became monstrous after they had fixed 
themselves” upon the animal which was to serve them 
with nourishment. 
Kroyer informs us that several German zoologists, as 
Nit sch, Leuckart, and Schwegger, had advanced similar 
opinions, though, it would appear from his references 
to their observations, upon very insufficient grounds. 
Zoologists, however, were gradually coming to the con- 
clusion that these fantastically-formed creatures were in 
reality crustaceous. But it is to Alexander von Nordmann, 
an eminent Prussian naturalist, that we are indebted for 
a complete and satisfactory solution of our doubts upon 
the subject. In his work, c Mikrographische Beitrage 
zurNaturgeschichtederWirbellosenThiere/ Berlin 1832, 
he has confirmed the observations of Surriray upon the 
young when first hatched from the ova, shown the dis- 
similarity which exists between the male and female, and 
thrown much light upon the anatomy of this interesting 
group of animals, especially with regard to the structure 
of their mouth and feet. Since the publication of his 
excellent work, his observations have received still further 
confirmation, additions and corrections, by three zoologists 
of considerable reputation, the well-known entomologist 
* Cons. gen. sur la Classe des Crustaces, p. 343, note. 
f See above, p. 300. 
