Bimana. MAMMALIA. Bimana. v 
the Old and New World, the skull being quite sym- 
metrical. On the whole, the skeleton is regarded as 
tliat of an individual of small cerebral development 
and uncommon strength of corporeal frame. 
Fig. i. 
A represents a side view, /I showing a front view of the 
enormous ridges, and C the aspect of fore- 
head from above. 
Skulls taken from the tumuli of the Stone Period 
in Borreby, Denmark, resemble this of Neanderthal. 
One, particularly, has remarkably projecting super- 
ciliary ridges, a retreating forehead, a low, flattened 
vertex, and an occiput which shelves upward and for- 
ward. 
About the time that Schmerling was exploring 
the caverns of Liege, the Rev. iMr, M'Enery at Brix- 
ham, in Devonshire, England, found in a cave, in red 
loam, covered with stalagmite, bones of the Mammoth, 
Tichorrhine Rhinoceros, Cave Bear, and other Mam- 
malia, and also several remarkable flint tools, which 
were regarded as of great antiquity. There were also 
remains of Man in the same cave, of a later date. 
A discovery of much inqiortance, as bearing on the 
subject of the antiquity of Man, is that made by Col. 
Wood, in 1861, of the remains of two species of Rhi- 
noceros in an undisturbed deposit, in the lower part of 
which were some well-shaped flint knives, evidently of 
human workmanship. It is considered “ clear, from 
their position, that Man was coeval with, these two 
species of Rhinoceros.” 
In an interesting account of an ancient burial-place 
in Aurignac, in the south of France, Sir Chas. Lyell 
has given, with a sketch of the natural vault, a list of 
the animals whose remains were found associated with 
those of Man. We present here the most important 
portion of the descriptive matter, with sectional view 
of the place of sepulture. 
“ M. Lartet has recently published a circumstantial 
account of what seems clearly to have been a sepul- 
chral vault of the Post-pliocene Period, near Aurignac, 
not far from the foot of the Pyrenees. Until the year 
18.12, the opening into this grotto was marked by a 
talus of small fragments of limestone and earthy mat- 
ter Fig-, ii. e, such as the rain may have washed 
down the slope of the hill W. In that year a laborer 
Fig. ii. 
observed that Rabbits burrowed at i,/". On reaching 
into the opening he drew out, to his surprise, one ol 
the long bones of a human skeleton ; and his curiosity 
being excited, he dug through, and eventually came 
to a large heavy slab of rock y, 7t, which stood verti- 
cally against the entrance. On the other side of this 
was an arched cavity, a, seven or eight feet in its 
greatest height, ten in width, and seven in horizontal 
depth. It was almost filled with bones, among which 
were two entire skulls, which were recognized at once 
as human. The mayor of tlie town ordered alt the 
bones to be taken out and buried in the cemetery. 
I'here were, altogether, portions of seventeen distinct 
skeletons, of both sexes, and of all ages. I’he skulls 
were considerably injured in the transfer, and, some 
years after, when a renewed interest in the subject 
made it desirable to re-examine the relics, it was found 
that the sexton could not remember the exact sjiot 
of interment. 'I'hus was lost to science a rich harvest 
of ethnological knowledge. M. Lartet made some 
explorations subsequently ; he personally superin- 
tended this labor, and found, outside the grotto, rest- 
ing on the sloping terrace //, h, a layer of ashes and 
charcoal, c, about seven inches thick, extending over 
an area of six or seven square yards, and going as far 
as the entrance of the grotto, and no further, there 
being no cinders or charcoal in the interior. Among 
the ashes, and in some overlying earthy layers, o, sep- 
arating the ashes from the talus e, were a great variety 
of bones and implements ; among the latter, not fewer 
than a hundred flint knives, projectiles, sling stones 
and chips, and among them one of those silicious 
cores or nuclei, with numerous facets, from which flint 
flakes or knives had been struck off, seeming to prove 
that some instruments were occasionally manufactured 
on the spot. Among the bone instruments were 
arrows without barbs, and other tools made of Rein- 
deer-horn, and a bodkin formed out of the more com- 
pact horn of the Roe-deer. 
“ Scattered through the same ashes and earth were 
the bones of the various species of animals enumer- 
