Bimana. MAMMALIA. Bimana. 
vi 
ated ill the subjoined list, with the exception of two — 
the Cave Lion and Sus scroFa (pig.) These latter were 
found within the grotto ; — 
I. CaRNIVOKA, Number of 
Individuals. 
1. Ursus spelieus {Cave Bear') 5 
2. Ursus arctoB {Brown Bear') 1 
3. Meles taxus {Badger') 1 
4. Putorius vulgaris {Pole Cat) 1 
5. Pelis speloBa ( Cave Lion) 1 
6. Pelis catuB ferus ( Wild Cat) 1 
7. H}'£ena speliEa (Caw 5 
8. Canis lupus ( Wolf) 3 
9. Canis vulpes {P'ox) 18 
II. — Herbivora. 
1. Eleplias primigenius {Mammoth) 
2. Rhinoceros tichorliinus (A’i6e?'ia?4 jB/ibt’s). .. 1 
3. Equus caballus, {Horse) 12 
4. Sus scrof a {P'tg) 
5. Equus asinus (Ass) 1 
6. Cervus elephas (67a//) 1 
7. Megaceros hiberiiicus (Cit/awCc /ris/i ilwr) 1 
8. C. capreolus {Roe-huck) 3 
9. C. tarandus {Reindeer) 10 
10. Bison europiBus {Aurochs) 12 
“ If we accept M. Lartet’s interpretation of these 
deposits of Aurignac.they do not add anything to the 
palaeontological evidence in favor of Man’s antiquity, 
for we have seen all the same Mammalia associated 
elsewhere with flint implements; and some species, 
such as Elephas antiquus, Khinoceros hemitaechus 
and Hippopotamus major, missing here, have been 
met with in other places. An argument, however, 
having an opposite leaning, may perhaps be founded 
on the phenomena of Aurignac. It may, indeed it 
has been said that they imply that some of the extinct 
Mammalia survived nearly to our time. 
“ First, because of the modern style of the works of 
art at Aurignac. Secondly, because of the absence 
of any signs of change in the physical geography of 
the country since the cave was used as a place of 
sepulture.” 
In closing this portion of our subject, which relates 
particularly to European Anthropology, it is proper 
to add the remarks of Sir Chas. Lyell concerning the 
two most remarkable specimens of human remains 
thus far found in the Old World. He says : 
“The two skulls which form the subject of the pre- 
ceding comments and illustrations have given rise to 
nearly an equal amount of surprise, for opposite 
reasons : that of Engis, because, being so unequivo- 
cally ancient, it approached so near to the highest or 
Caucasian type ; that of the Neanderthal, because, 
having no such decided claims to antiquity, it departs 
so widely from the normal standard of humanity. * 
* * * The expectation of always meeting with a 
lower type of human skull, the older the formation in 
which it occurs, is based on the theory of progressive 
development, and it may prove to be sound ; never- 
theless we must remember that, as yet, we have no 
distinct geological evidence that the appearance of 
what are called the inferior races of mankind has al- 
ways preceded in chronological order that of the 
higher races.” 
American Record of Man’s Antiquity. 
In America, a considerable number of discoveries 
have been made which tend to carry back the origin 
of the human race to the same period when the 
Mammoth and the Mastodon flourished, as seems so 
clearly indicated in the recent Archaeology of the Old 
World. 
In 1857, Dr. Winslow sent from California to the 
Boston Society of Natural History a fragment of a 
human skull which was found in the pay-dirt, as- 
sociated with the bones of the Mastodon and Elephant, 
one hundred and eighty feet below the surface of 
Table Mountain. A human cranium was afterwards 
found in the same State, deeply buried in the gold- 
drift, and covered with flve successive overflows of 
lava. Though this find was regarded with suspicion. 
Prof. Whitney, who obtained the specimen from the 
flnder, decided, after a careful examination of the 
skull and its locality, that its history was a truthful 
one. It was found in a shaft one hundred and fifty 
feet deep, near Angelos, in Calaveras County. The 
shaft passed through five beds of lava and volcanic 
tufa, and four beds of auriferous gravel. This speci- 
men was submitted for examination at the meeting of 
the American Association for the Advancement of 
Science, in Chicago, in 1869. Prom its position in this 
formation, the skull is regarded as older than the stone 
implements of the drift of Abbeville and Amiens, or 
the relics of the cave-dirt of Belgium and France. It 
is therefore considered by Prof. Whitney to belong 
to the Pliocene Epoch, a time prior to the volcanic 
eruptions which spread their lavas over a larger por- 
tion of the State. An instrument of stone was found 
imbedded in the gravel of the valley of San Joaquin, 
thirty feet below the surface, and the bones of the 
Mastodon and Elephant are found very frequently, 
associated with artificial implements at various depths, 
reaching to a hundred feet or more. Mr. W. P. 
Blake exhibited flint implements at the Paris Expo- 
sition which were found in the auriferous gravel of 
California. 
On the island of Petit Anse, Louisiana, in a mine of 
rock-salt, a fragment of matting was found near the 
surface of the salt. About two feet above it were 
remains of bones and tusks of a fossil Elephant. This 
matting was formed of the outer bark of the Southern 
Cane {Arund'inar'ia macrosperma.) 'I’he late Dr. Koch, 
of St. Louis, asserted that flint arrow heads and re- 
mains of charcoal were found in connection with the 
great skeleton of the Mastodon, which he forwarded 
to the British Museum. In this there seemed to be 
some evidence that the great creature had been at- 
tacked and destroyed while mired in the bed of the 
valley. Dr. Newberry says that many specimens that 
have come under his observation, showed signs of 
having been accidentally sunk in the mud, when the 
carcass was burnt by the setting fire of the peat. In 
another instance, on the Pomme-de-Terre River, Mo., 
one of the arrow heads lay underneath the thigh bone 
of the skeleton, the bone actually resting in contact 
upon it, so that it could not have been brought 
tltither after the deposit of the bone, a fact which 
