Quadeumana. MAMMAIiIA. Quadrumana. 
THE CHUVA {Ateles marginatus). — This was de- 
scribed by Bennett in the Fro. Zoo. Soc., Lon., for 
1830, as A. frontalis, from a specimen living then in 
the gardens of the Society ; since tlien. Dr. Gray calls 
it by the present specific title — after Kuhl and Geoff. 
It is a uniform black ; its forehead and whiskers are 
white ; the hair is moderately long ; its face is flesh- 
colored, with black orbits. It has no thumb. In- 
habits Brazil. 
THE BROWN SPIDER MONKEY [Ateles hybridus). 
— This is a more northern species, being found in St. 
Juan, in Nicaragua. It is an ashy-gray, with black- 
ish washings. The hair is very soft, rather curly. 
Intermixed with some longer, stififer, blackish hairs. 
The crown of the head, fore-arms, legs to the knees, 
and the greater part of the tail, black. The face is 
blackish, with thin white hair on the lips. It has no 
thumb. The eyebrows are black, and there are many 
elongate black hairs on the outside of the thighs. 
The inside of the thigh and of the arm, near the arm- 
pit, is grayish. 
THE BRILLIANT SPIDER MONKEY [Ateles orna- 
tus). — This is like the melanochir, with all the colors 
intensified, fl’he forehead, and all of the upper part 
of the head and the outside of the arms and legs, are 
black. The sides and under parts of the body, and 
inside of upper arms and legs, red-brown. 
BLACK-HANDED SPIDER MONKEY [Ateles melan- 
ocJiir) is a very common species of this singular genus. 
A series of figures of this form are presented in the 
Proc. Zoo. Soe., Lon., for 1875, accompanied with 
notes by Mr. Sclater, who remarks that the present 
species exhibits great variations in color. They seem 
to vary between the form designated by Dr. Gray, A. 
ornatus, figured by Sclater in the same Society’s pro- 
ceedings for 1871, and the nearly uniform gray form, 
with black hands and feet, which Dr. Gray has called 
Ateles albifrons in his Catalogue of Monheys in the 
British Museum. Sclater says : “ All the light-gray 
specimens, with black hands and feet, are, so far as I 
can ascertain, from Nicaragua or Panama, and the 
dark form — Ateles ornatus — alone, as Mr. Salvin in- 
forms me, occurs on the Pacific Coast of Guatemala. 
I am inclined to think, therefore, that we have here 
to deal with a series of local forms of a ‘ not yet dif- 
ferentiated ' species.” The habitat of this Monkey is 
given as the West Coast of America. 
WHITE-FRONTED SPIDER MONKEY [Ateles albi- 
fro7is) differs from the pale varieties of A. melanochir, 
in the forehead being white, fringed below with the 
dark hairs of the eyebrow, and in the feet being red. It 
may be a variety only. It is of a pale gray-brown, 
with white forehead ; the crown is a darker brown. 
The tail, outside of the limbs, feet and groin, are red- 
dish. The knees, elbows and hands, black. The 
outer and hinder side of the fore-arm is a blackish 
wash ; has no thumb. It inhabits South America. 
THE LONG-HAIRED SPIDER MONKEY {Ateles 
vellerosus). — This is like the A. belzebuth, but the 
under side of the tail is black as the upper, the pale 
color of the insides of the arms does not come down 
so near the hands, and the fur is much longer, and 
spreads out in all directions on the head and body. 
xiii 
It is blackish in color, with the loins rather browner. 
'J'he head, outside of limbs, and the upper and lower 
part of tail, are black. The throat, chest, belly, and 
inside of the limbs, are grayish-white. 'J'he hair is 
long and flaccid. It has no thumb. Habitat Brazil. 
Beach YTELES. 
'I’his genus is characterized by a soft, silky fur. 
'J'he lower jaw is moderately dilated behind. 'I’he 
hair of the head is turned backwards. It is dis- 
tinguished by having the cutting-teeth equal, small ; 
canines short ; grinders very thick and quadrangular. 
'I’he septum of the nose is rather narrow. Thumb is 
rudimentary, or wanting, 'fhe claws are compressed. 
'Tail is very strong. 
MIRIKI [Brachyteles arachnoides) is sometimes 
called Mono. 'I’his form has, as a characteristic, a 
thick, short, and furry pelt, pretty uniformly brown 
in color over the head, body and limbs, the paws 
being very much darker than the rest of the body. 
A peculiar arrangement of the hairs about the face 
gives the aspect of a moustache. Its fur is so ex- 
tremely close, that hunters are accustomed to make 
use of it to cover their implements, as it completely 
sheds the rain. 'I’he Miriki has a more perfectly de- 
veloped thumb than others of the family. Several 
varieties are mentioned, some with and others without 
a thumb. One with a rudimentary thumb is recorded 
by Prince Maximilian, and the specimen which he 
obtained in South America during his travels is in 
the American Museum, Central Park, N. Y. His 
la'bel gives it as Ateles hypoxanthus. Curiously 
enough, there are cases where the thumb is absent on 
one hand, and present in a more or less rudimentary 
form in the other. 'I’he native names given by Slack 
are Mariki kupo and Macaco vernello. Slack, in 
Proc. Phila. Acad. Sciences, for 1862, says, “In the 
Magazine of M. Verreaux, of Paris, I found specimens 
having upon one hand the tubercle, and upon the 
other the nailed thumb ; others with the tubercle 
upon one liand, but absent on the other.” 'The pres- 
ent species is ashy-brown with flesh-colored face. 
'The base of the tail and the vent are ferruginous. 
Genital organs, brown. The females are ashy. It 
inhabits Brazil. 
Lagothrix. 
This comprises the group called Woolly Monkeys. 
They are rather larger and less active than the others. 
'I’he forests of the Upper Amazon Valley, and the 
slopes of the Andes and Venezuela and Bolivia, are 
regions most frequented by them. 'I'heir hair is soft 
and woolly, and of a cinereous black color. 'The 
thumbs are well developed. Limbs are short, propor- 
tionately. The chin and crop are less hairy than 
others. The hair on the crown is short, and directed 
backwards. 'I’he lower jaw is not largely dilated be- 
hind. 'rhe nostrils are oblique and rather closely 
situated below. Spix, in his South American, Quad- 
rumann, gives this group the generic name Gastri- 
margus, from a notion of his that they were more vo- 
racious than any other of the order on this continent. 
Slack remarks that the skull of this genus can be 
