sviii Quadkumana. MAMMALIA. Quadrumana. 
under the chin and throat the hair is almost entirely 
absent, the skin being of an orange hue. It is the 
Siinia leucocephala of several naturalists ; the Siniia 
pithecia of Schreb, Pithecia ochrocephala of Kuhl, P. 
chrysocephala of Geoff, P. inusta of Spix and Saki of 
Puffon. Habitat Prazil. 
THE YARKE [Pithecia monachus) has black fur, 
with gray washings ; the hairs are very long, harsh, 
with white tips. The forehead and crown of the male is 
yellow ; of the female is white. 'L'he specimen figured 
by Gray, in the Yoynge of the Sulphur, has the face 
quite bald. This is the Yarque of Puffon. Simia 
monachus of Humboldt, P. hirsuta of Spi.x, P. quapa 
of Poeppig, P. nocturna of Lesson and P. irrorata of 
Gray. Habitat Prazil. 
THE WHITISH YARKE {Pithecia albicam).— \'\\Q 
fur is yellowish-white ; tail, and large patch on the 
back, black, slightly washed with white ; the hairs 
with short white tips. The se.xes and young are similar. 
Pates gives the locality of this as Lake Tefle and the 
Upj)er Amazons. 
THE WHISKER YARKE {Pithecia riifiventer) is 
grayish-black, with pale washings. The hairs are 
ratlier soft, with a subterminal yellowish ring. The 
forehead is like the back, with moderately elongated 
hairs ; the moustache is yellow ; the belly, red. In 
the young the moustache is white, and the under sur- 
face gray, d'his is the Sagouin of Puffon, Simia 
pithecia of Linnaeus, Fox-tailed Monkey of some, P. 
rufibarba of Kuhl, P. capillamentosa of Spix, and P. 
pogonias of Gray. 
Tribe VIL— PRACHYURIYA 
In this tribe there are molars as follows: f f. The 
incisors on the lower jaw are long, shelving and con- 
verging, as in the preceding, and separated from the 
canine teeth by a space. The lower jaw is dilated 
behind ; the nostrils far apart. The fur is soft and 
silky. The claws are blunt. 
ClIIROrOTES. 
Tills genus has the fur soft and short ; the tail as long 
as the body, thick, and club-shaped, 'l'he crown is 
covered with hair in the shape of a wig, divided by a 
central longitudinal line, 'l'he chin is large, bearded 
on each side, 'l'he lower incisors are rather shelving. 
Ilmlis are strong, and short. Chiropotes is Lesson’s, 
a'so Cacajao. Spix calls it Prachyurus, and Geoff. 
Pithecia. Chiropotes, made up from two Greek words, 
meaning hand, and to drink, refers to the habit of the 
members of this genus to pull away their beards and 
drink from the other hand, which they dip into the 
ivater for that juupose. 
CUXIO, OR BEARDED SAKI [Chiropotes sag ulata). 
Certainly this creature gets its former specific name' 
Satanus, fairly, if its looks belie it not. Its coat is of 
an uniform brownish-black; and a peculiar confirmation 
of beard, produced by a group of hairs which start 
forward from the sides of the jaw and chin, gives to 
the creature a truly Satanic expression. 'l'he beard is 
exceedingly long, full and heavy, and of the deepest 
black. Cuxio is said to be ])articularly fastidious 
concerning it, and to hold it aside with its paw when 
it drinks ; indeed, it is said to drink differently from 
other animals — holding its beard away with one hand, 
and passing water to its mouth with the palm of the 
other. In the collections of the American Museum, 
in Central Park, N. Y., are several fine specimens of 
this Monkey, notably a male and female. 'They 
Fig. vii. 
The Bearded Saki. 
attract especial attention for their rich black fur, and 
for their beautiful long pompon-like tails. Humboldt 
relates of this Monkey that, when enraged, it has 
driven its sharp teeth deeply into a thick plank. 
When out of temper it grinds its teeth, and leaps 
about, grinning, and exhibiting extraordinary mobil- 
ity in the muscles of its face. It lives alone, or with 
its mate, differing essentially in this habit from other 
South American Alonkeys. Its cry is strong, and 
resonant, reaching far into the depths of the forest. 
Peing nocturnal in its habits, this capacity for dis- 
cordant vocalizing renders it anything but a desirable 
neighbor; approaching in some degree the unearthly 
cry of the Howling Monkeys, 'rids is the Simia 
chiropotes of Humboldt, P. chiroiiotes of Geoflfroy, 
Simia sagulata of 'I'raill, and Prachyurus satanus of 
Gray, 'l'he habitat is given as Orinoco, Demerara, 
and Guiana. 
BROWN CUXIO [Chiropotes satamis). — This is 
characterized by an ashy-brown fur; face, crown, 
beard, limbs and tail, densely hairy; hairs elongate; 
chin-beard moderate in size and length. In the Paris 
Museum, the male specimen has the back brown, and 
the wig black ; the female having the back and the 
wig fulvous, 'l'he young are nearly uniform brown, 
and the wig slightly developed. 'I’his is the Prachy- 
urus israelitaof Spix, and Chiropotacouxio of Lesson. 
Inhabits Prazil. 
THE BLACK CUXIO [Chiropotes ater) has the fur 
a jet black, and shining. 'l’he hairs of the eyebrows 
project forward unusually. In the young the fur is 
black, with very short, pale tips to some of the hairs 
on the back. 'l'he hair of the crown radiates from 
the centre, and projects forward, 'l’he beard is rudi- 
mentary. 'l’he tail is slender, as long as the body and 
head. Inhabits Prazil. 
THE WHITE-NOSED CySXlO {Chiropotes alhinaso)- 
A single young specimen of this in the Paris Mu- 
seum. from Prazil. has the fur of the body and head 
deep black, pale washed, with white nose. It is the 
Pithecia albinasa of Geoffroy. 
