Quadrumana. MAMMALIA. Quadrcmana. 
xix 
Ouakaria. 
In this genus the fur is sliort and silky. The face 
is subcylindrical. The crown and foreliead have short 
liairs directed forwards. There is very little beard. 
The legs are elongate. Lower jaw is dilated behind. 
'I’he incisors of the lower jaw are very shelving. This 
is the Brachyurus of Geoffroy and Spix, Cacajao of 
Lesson. Gray remarks that the converging, slender, 
shelving, lower cutting-teeth, the slender limbs and 
the short tail show some affinity with Indrus of the 
Lemurs. 
Fig. viii. 
The Cacajao. 
THE CACAJAO ( Oual’-arla mclanocei^hala) is one of 
several curious forms, which are distinguished by 
having the incisor teeth oblique and proclive, and a 
short tail ; the appearance is so singular that, at first, 
the opinion of naturalists was that it had been 
docked. These Monkeys are not so well known as 
others. In captivity it is noticed to be inactive and 
docile. A very decided difference is noticeable in its 
ability to handle objects with its hands ; even in eat- 
ing it is awkward and maladroit. It is blessed with 
the following names : Mono-feo, or Hideous Monkey, 
Chncnto, Chncuzo, and Carnizi. Its specific name is 
appropriate, meaning black-headed, in allusion to its 
black wig-like crown, and in contradistinction to the 
other species, the White-headed Saki. 
'I’he full-grown Cacajao reaches the length of two 
feet, the tail being only from three to five inches long. 
Its head is flattened at the temples, which gives it a 
striking ap])earance, contrasted with other IMonkeys. 
The terms Yarke and Saki are applied to the various 
species of this genus, the present one being called 
the Black-headed Yarke, or Saki. It is found in the 
forests that border the Rio Negro, and the Cassi- 
quiare, but is not seen in great numbers. Some nat- 
uralists fancy that this should be considered the Amer- 
ican representative of the Magot or Ape of the Old 
World. I’he color of this Cacajao is black ; the back 
and sides of its body are yellow. The loins, outside 
of thigh and end of tail, chestnut-red. It is the 
Simla melanocephala of Humboldt, P. melanocephala 
of Geoffroy, Brachyurus ouakaria of Spix, and 0. 
Spixii of Gray. Habitat Brazil. 
THE RED ACARI has bright 
red fur, with fulvous yellow on the neck. The nape 
is pale yellow. It is the B. rubicundus of Geoffroy. 
Habitat Brazil. 
THE WHITE ACARI {Ouakaria, cnlva ). — Azara 
speaks of this Monkey as the White UAKARi,this lat- 
ter being spelled as it is pronounced. He found it on 
the Japura, and says that the natives “ brought them 
down with poisoned arrows, and then restored them by 
putting salt into their mouths.” The throat is of a 
deep golden red. The fur is fulvous, whitish on the 
back, and yellow or golden below and on inner sur- 
face of limbs. The tips of the hairs of the crown are 
black, and of some of the hairs of the back. gray. In 
the female the hairs are elongate, red and black. A 
variety has the back with some reddish hairs. This 
is the B. calvus of Geoffroy. Habitat Para. 
Tribe VIII.— IIAPALINA. 
The molars in this tribe are f f, as in the Old 
World Monkeys. The lower cutting-teeth are verti- 
cal, in a regular series. The lower jaw is not dilated 
behind, as in the last cited tribe. The nostrils are 
far apart, and laterally placed. 
Hapale. 
In this genus, the conch of the ear is rather large 
and prominent ; externally it is bald, with cross band 
of elongated hairs on the inner surface of the conch, 
forming an elongated pencil. 'I’he tail is ammlated. 
'I’he lower cutting-teeth elongate, slender, linear, and 
as high as the canines, fl’hese are, as well as others 
of this tribe, possessed of only five instead of six molars 
on each side of the jaw. They have the same num- 
ber as those of the Old World Monkeys, yet they 
differ from them more in other respects than any other 
of the CehidcB, or American forms. The thumb is 
not opposable, and the fingers are provided with 
sharp claws, fi'he great toe, or hallux, is very small ; 
the tail is not prehensile, but is very long, and covered 
with line hairs. 
THE WHITE-EARED MARMOSET {Hapale aurita) 
is blackish in color, minutely punctulated with yel- 
lowish or reddish. 'J’he sides of head, limbs and 
hinder part, black ; crown, brown ; face, large ; spot 
on the forehead and short ear-tufts, gray. A variety 
has the back blackish, without any indication of 
cross band. This is the Jacchus auritus of Geoffroy. 
A second variety has the back red, punctulated with 
narrow, faint, paler cross bands, especially on the 
loin. Jacchus humeralifer, is recorded by Geoffroy ; 
its face, shoulders, chest, arms and ear tufts are 
white; thighs brown, and white-grizzled.” All inhabit 
Brazil. The latter, according to Bates, is found only 
in dry woods. The color of its fur is beautifully 
varied. When hungry or uneasy, it utters a weak, 
stridulous cry, like a grasshopper. 
Hapale chrysoleucos is described by Natterer, in 
Annals of Natural History, for 1843, as being found 
in Bahia. A specimen of this variety is in the Museum 
of Vienna. 
