xxvi Cheibopteea. MAMMAXIA. Cheiropteea. 
ranged transversely. Tlie fur of the body encroaches 
a little upon the front surface of the wing membrane. 
'J'he wings extend to the base of the toes. The point 
of the tail is a little exserted, or free from tlie 
membrane. The skull is small and thin ; it is flat, 
but not so much so as in other Scotophili. The 
dentition is; Molars, f; Canines, Incisors, 
Canines, 1 ; Molars, f ; = 34 teeth. The expanse of 
wing ranges from eight to nine inches. This Bat 
is found in Pennsylvania, and extends to Texas and 
Mexico. 
THE SILVERY-HAIRED BAT {ScotophUm noctiva- 
gars). — 'I'his is the Vesper, noctivagans of Leconte, 
Vesper, auduboni Harlan, and V. pulverulentus of 
Temminck, Leconte and Prince Maximilian. The head 
of this Bat is flat, broad and moderately hairy. The 
snout is hairless ; the nostrils are widely separated, 
opening sublaterally, the space between being emar- 
ginate. The sides of the face are somewhat swollen. 
The skin of the face and ears is blackish, with the ex- 
ception of the internal basal lobe of the latter, which 
is whitish. 'J'he fur is long and silky, tending to 
black in color ; in some cases, the tips of the hairs 
are hoaiy. 'I'he color is very much the same on both 
sides the body. 'J'he thumb is small and furred 
slightly ; the wing is furred on the posterior surface. 
'J'he dentition is : Molars, f ; Incisors, f ; Canines, | ; 
hJolars, f; and Canines, | ;= 36 teeth, 'i'he expanse 
of wing is about twelve inches. 'Phis species resem- 
bles, somewhat, the European S. discolor of KuJil. 
It inhabits the region extending from the Atlantic 
Coast to the Rocky Mountains. In some instances, 
specimens are found to be entirely black. 
THE WESTERN BAT [Scotophilus hesperus), de-' 
scribed by Hr. Allen as a very small species, and re- 
sembles the S. pipistrellus of Europe, in the shape of 
its head, &c. 'i'he head is small and flat, the face 
being blunt and stout, with no hairs, 'i'he wing 
membranes are attaclied to the base of toes, 'i'he 
body is slender, 'i'he tip of tail is covered by the 
membrane— not exserted. 'i'he fur is somewhat 
scanty, thickest on the back, where it is an obscure, 
dirty gray, blending in some to a brownish color, that 
in front being thinnerand of a lighter hue. 'i'he bulk 
of the fur is a dark plumbeous, the above mentioned 
colors referring only to the tips, 'i'he dentition is : 
Molars,!; Canines, | ; Incisors, f ; Canines,!; Mo- 
lars, f ; = 34 teeth. Its wing expanse is about seven 
inches. Habitat California. 
Vespeiitilio. — Keyserling and Blasius 
In this genus the molars are f. 'J'he skull is in- 
flated, raised above the line of the nasal bones; the 
internal basal lobe of the ear sharply defined, and 
more or less acute. Linnmus gave the term Vesper- 
tilio to the whole order of Cheiroptera, 'i'he word 
is suggestive and appropriate, as well as euphonious — 
referring to the crepuscular habits of the creatures 
described — as Vesper-time is the portion of the day 
when they “ most do congregate ” and sally forth. 
Geoffroy St. Hilaire restricted the term to the Naked- 
nosed Jiats. It has been since used in a still more 
restricted sense. 
Vespertilio evotis, Allen. — 'I'his has a head rather 
small, with pointed face somewhat covered with 
whiskers. 'I'lie snout is produced ; the ears are large, 
high, and erect and oval. 'J'he last joint of the tail 
is exserted, or free. The membranes are a light 
brown color, in some darker. Hair is long, plum- 
beous in color at the base behind, with light brown 
tips, inclined to yellowish towards the head. 'I’lie 
fur in front is dark maroon, or black at base, with 
whitish tips. 'J'his has the largest ear of an.y Ameri- 
can species of Vespertilio. 'i'he cranium is very much 
inflated, tlie face slender and pointed. Dentition : 
Molars, f ; Canines, ; Incisors, f ; Canines, ! ; Mo- 
lars, § ; = 38 teeth. 
No specimens have been found east of the Rocky 
Mountains. It is common along the Pacific Coast, 
from Puget Sound to Lower California. Its wing 
expanse is from 8i-6 to 10 inches. 
THE LITTLE BROWN BAT ( Vespertilio subulntus, 
Say) is the V. californicus of Bachman and Peale, 
V.'caroli of Wagner and 'I'emminck, and V.domesticus 
of Green, 'i'he head is light, moderate in size ; face 
is whiskered ; ears smaller than in the preceding. 
'i'he tragus is erect and half the height of the ear ; 
the interfemoral membrane is smallest, 'i'he point of 
tail is exserted, or free. 'J'he dentition is the same 
as in the last mentioned, 'i'he expanse of wing is 
about nine inches. Specimens of this Bat are from 
Nova Scotia, Maine, and through the Middle States 
to Mexico. 
Vespertilio affinis, Allen. — 'i'his is a new species, 
described by Dr. Allen. The head is moderate in 
size, slightly depressed ; face hairy ; ears small, inner 
border convex, outer concave. Lip is whiskered; 
body is robust ; feet long and slender, a few curved 
hairs at the base of the nails. 'I'he wing membranes 
are attaclied midway to the base of the toes. 'I'lie 
point of the tail is free ; thumb is rather large ; wing 
membranes dark brown, but thin. 'The fur is thicker 
behind than in front, and extends a little onto the 
interfemoral membrane. The color is a lustrous light 
chestnut-brown above ; below, it is the same color of 
a lighter shade, inclining to yellowish. 'J'he dentition 
is the same as in the preceding. 'I'his is from the 
vicinity of Fort Smith, Arkansas. 
THE BLUNT-NOSED BAT {Vespertilio luci/ugus, 
Leconte) — V. brevirostris of Maximilian — has a large, 
somewhat flattish head, with lips covered partially 
with hair, 'i'he snout is more obtuse than in other 
species of Vespertilio. 'i'he nostrils are sublateral 
and some distance from the free border of the upper 
lip. 'I'he ears are narrow, blunt at the tip, and slightly 
emarginate on the outer side, 'i'he tragus is half as 
high as the auricle. A well-defined space on the chin. 
'The feet are large, the interfemoral membrane of 
moderate size. The point of tail is free. 'The 
color is similar to that of V. subulatus. 'The denti- 
tion as in V. evotis. 'I'he narrow, blunt ear, short 
face and the elevation of the nostril above the free 
margin of the upper lip, are characters which distin- 
guish this species. V. daubentonii of Europe bears 
some relation to this, in the shape of the ears and 
tragus. A form sent to the Smithsonian Institution, 
