Cheikopteka. MAMMALIA. Cheiroptera. 
sxviii 
cies is partially covered with hair of alight brown color. 
Over each eye is a small wart ; between the outer 
border of the ear and angle of the mouth is a larger 
one, and under the lower jaw is another. The ears 
are high, elliptical, and at the hinder part of the base 
covered with hair. Along the inner border of the ear 
is a narrow slip of fur, and along the anterior portion 
of the ear is a still narrower band of fur. The tragus 
is half as high as the auricle, lancolate, and, in many 
instances, terminating in a fine point, sometimes in a 
blunt one ; it is straight on its inner border, diverging 
on its outer, where it is finely toothed or crenulated. 
'J'he outer border of the ear does not reach the angle 
of the mouth by several lines. 'J'he feet are rather 
large. Two varieties of color are observed — the fawn 
and the yellowish-brown. In the latter, the inter- 
femoral membrane is destitute of hair, and at the base 
of the thumb a few brown hairs are seen. This Bat 
measures in wing e.vpanse from eleven to twelve 
inches. Specimens are from California, Oregon, New 
Mexico and Texas. 
SOUTH AMERICAN CHEIROP'i’ERA. 
D’ORBIGNY’S BAT [Desmodus d'orbignyi). — This 
is one of the “ blood-sucking ” creatures, or “ Vam- 
pires,” so dreaded by all travelers in the tropical 
regions of South America, and about which there has 
been much dispute, many naturalists doubting the 
truth of the stories told concerning its blood-thirsty 
propensities. Mr. Charles Darwin, during his travels, 
which are recorded in the Voyage of the Beagle, had 
opportunities to verify the statement that this Bat 
actually does suck the blood from beasts, and in some 
instances that of Man. He says they are the cause 
of much trouble in these regions. He was bivouacked 
on one occasion, near Coquimbo, in Chili, when his 
servant was aroused by hearing the horses restive, 
and apparently annoyed by some unusual cause. He 
thought he could distinguish some object on the 
horse, and when he suddenly clasped his hands upon 
it, found that he had captured a Vampire. In the 
morning, it was found that the horse’s back was 
swollen and inflamed in one spot, and the blood had 
flown out of a wound made by some sharp agent. 
'I’hese Bats have no molars to grind food with, but 
have sharp incisors and canines. 'I'he small size of 
the interfemoral membrane gives greater freedom to 
the motion of the legs, and the unusually great size 
of the claw and thumb gives a greater power for this 
fastening upon the sides of beasts ; there seems to be 
an evident development of parts for this mode of 
life. 
Desmodus murinus is describedby Wagneras having 
a range through New Mexico. Desmodus rufus of 
Maximilian appears to be the same as cinerea of 
D’Orbigny and the fuscus of Lund, which is found in 
Brazil, Bolivia and Guatemala. 'Tylostoma mexicana 
is mentioned by Saussure as common in Mexico. 
Macrotis mexicana of Saussure is very near the last 
named species, and is found in same region. A 
species, described by Gray as Macrotis waterhousii, 
is found in Hayti, Jamaica and other West India 
islands. Both of the latter are very closely allied, if 
not identical with, M. californicus of Baird. Mor- 
moops blainvillei of Leach is found in Cuba and 
Mexico. Aelo cinnammomea of Schinz is also from 
Cuba. Five others of this genus are. respectively, 
from Brazil, Hayti and Jamaica. Fhyllodia parnellii 
of Gray is from Jamaica. 
In the genus Phyllostoma, there are twenty-two 
species recorded as inhabiting Brazil and Mexico. 
In the Voyage of the Beagle, Darwin gives a fine 
figure and description of Phyllostoma grayii. 'I'his is 
said to be the species described as P. childreni, from 
Pernambuco. Lophostoma is represented by two 
species in the Bolivian Cordilleras and in Guatemala. 
Centurio flavigulus of Gray is from Cuba, C. mexi- 
canus of Saussure from Mexico, C. senex of Gray 
from Brazil, Schizostoma. minutum of Gervais in 
South America generally. In the genus Glossophaga, 
or Phyllophora of some authors, is one species found 
in Surinam, Brazil and the West Indies. G. brevi- 
caudum of Maximilian is hemiderma of some, and 
childreni of Gray ; found in Brazil and Surinam. 
Glossophaga is Anouraof Gray ; it has two species — 
ecaudata of Geoffroy, and geoffroyi of Gray. 
'The following named Cheiroptera are found in 
South America, or near Central America, and in the 
West Indies. Sturnira has two species. Arctibeus 
has seven, having a range from the West Indies to 
Chili. Brachyphyliia has one in Cuba. Sterno- 
derma three in Mexico and Chili. Phyllonicteris 
one in Jamaica. Among the Gymnorrhin.es, Noctilio 
has two in Jamaica and Brazil, one being common 
to both countries. Nyctonomus is represented by two 
in the West Indies and in North America. Nyctellus 
lepidus is found in Cuba, 'i'hyroptera bicolor and 
'J'. tricolor are, respectively, from the Amazon and 
Surinam. Emballonura has seven species in Brazil 
and Surinam. Diclidurus albus of Maximilian is found 
in Brazil ; Ichnoglossa rivalis of Sauss in Mexico aud 
Orizaba. 
Dysopes, a genus widely distributed in the Old as 
well as the New World, has, according to Murray, 
twenty-one species on this continent, mostly in South 
America. Furipterus has two species ; Natalus has 
also two, all from Brazil and Guiana. Hyonycteris 
is represented in two species in Central America 
and Quito. Nycticejus has two in South America. 
Lasiurus has four in America, and several in the Old 
World. Scotophilus has seven in South America 
and Cuba, as well as many in the Old World. Six- 
teen species of Vespertilio are found in the southern 
portion of this continent, ranging from Cuba to Chili. 
Many others ai’e found in the northern portions, and 
in the Old World. 
