Carnivora. MAMMALIA. Carnivora. 
walik Hills of India, as well as from the Post Plio- 
cene and Pliocene of Europe. The Upper Eocene 
of France has furnished some forms. Four species 
were found in the Post Pliocene deposits of North 
America, and in the Miocene of Colorado are four 
species. Prof. Hayden obtained the jaws of an ex- 
tinct species of Wolf, which he names Canis smvus. 
A smaller species, represented by fragments of jaws 
found with the former, he calls 0. temerarius. An- 
other, larger than any of the American Wolves, from 
the same locality, is named C. haydeni. Canis vaver 
is a species of Fox, about the size of the present 
Swift Fox {G. velox), founded on jaw fragments 
from Nebraska. Another, quite as large as the 
Wolf, is described by Prof. Marsh as C. montanus. 
C. incertus is found on the banks of the Parana 
Eiver. C. protoplax and C. robustior are from Brazil. 
Canis indianensis is a form first described by Dr. 
Leidy as C. prim^vus, but is now regarded as quite 
distinct from that species. It is founded on an 
upper maxillary, with teeth, from the banks of the 
Ohio Eiver, near Evansville. It is also I’epresented 
by the ramus of a lower jaw, found in California. 
Its time is in the Quarternary Period, and indicates 
an animal larger than any living Wolves of either 
continent. It is less robust than C. priinaevus and 
C. haydeni, but larger than C. smvus of the same 
formation. 
Sinopa. — This genus is founded on a few bones 
found in the deposits at Port Bridger, Western 
United States. It was about the size of the Gray 
Fox, and is judged to be intermediate between the 
Weasels and the OanidcB. One species is known, and 
named S. rapax. It is regarded as one of the most 
ancient forms of this Order thus far discovered. 
Vulpmua is another form found at Fort Bridger, 
and described by Prof. Marsh as V. palustris. 
Mesonix is an extinct genus, described by Prof. 
Cope in Hayden’s Report of the U. 8. Geological 
Survey of the Territories, with one species, M. 
obtusidens. He regards it as representing a family 
distinct from any now living on the globe, yet 
more closely allied to the Canidm than to any other. 
The remains were found on the bluffs of the Cotton- 
wood Eiver, and measured the size of our largest 
Wolves. 
Amphicyon is a name given by Dr. Leidy to an ex- 
tinct genus of Carnivores, established on fossil re- 
mains found in the Middle Tertiary deposits of France 
and Germany. The general form and construction of 
skull, and character of the teeth, indicate a near rela- 
tionship to the Wolves. A dozen species have been 
indicated as once extant in Europe ; one viewed by 
Cuvier was pronounced a “Dog of gigantic propor- 
tions.” Eemains of two species, referable to the 
same genus, have been discovered in the Miocene 
Tertiary deposits of the Mauvaises Torres of White 
Eiver, Dakota. A. vetus is about the size of the 
living Prairie Wolf, and was indicated by the dis- 
covery of a mutilated cranium and fragments of a 
jaw and teeth by Dr. John Evans and Prof. Hayden. 
A smaller species, less than any existing Fox, indi- 
cated by fragments of jaws, teeth, and the facial por- 
U 
tion of a skull of several individuals, was discovered 
by Hayden, and named A. gracilis. 
Oalecynm is a term given to an extinct genus, 
representing a Fox-like animal, intermediate between 
the Dog and the Viverras. This is from the Pliocene 
of (Eninghen, in Switzerland. 
Thalassictis and Ictitherium. — These terms are ap 
plied by authors to extinct genera of Viverridce, 
which resemble the Hymnas. They are represented 
by three species, larger than the existing Viverras. 
Simocyon is an extraordinary Carnivore, of the size 
of the Panther, having canines of a Cat, the molars 
of a Dog, and jaws shaped like those of the Bear. 
Protocyon is an extinct genus, with two species — 
P. troglodytes and P. validus — from the bone caves 
of Brazil. 
Speothus is from the preceding locality, and has 
one species — S. pacivorus. 
Abathmodon is recorded as an extinct genus from 
the same region. 
Gynodon. — Three species of this genus have been 
discovered in France. 
PalcBoniciis is represented by one species — -P. 
gigantea — in European deposits. 
Soi'ioictis is another, from the same region, having 
one species — S. leptorhincha. 
Elocyon, with one species — E. martrides— also be- 
longs to the European fossiliferous regions. 
Otocyon is a living genus, resembling the Dogs, 
found in South Africa, a region not much known to 
palaeontologists. It has one species — 0. megalotis. 
The generic name is from the Greek, and refers to 
dog’s ear, the specific name indicating big ear. 
Vulpes is represented by two species from the 
Gypsum beds in the Eocene of Paris, France. 
Hymnodontidm is the term given to an extraordinary 
family, extinct and fossil, exhibiting a relationship 
with the Canine Family on one hand, and the Feline 
on the other, with certain ties to others. The term 
refers to the fancied resemblance of the teeth to 
those of the Hyaena. By some, this family has been 
referred to the Marsupials, based upon the fossil re- 
mains of several species that were discovered in the 
Lower and Middle Tertiary deposits of France, par- 
ticularly in the Paris Basin. Prof. Gervais obtained 
a cast of the interior of a cranium of one of the 
species, and asserts his belief that it is allied to the 
marsupial Thalacinids, particularly through the sec- 
torial character of the true molars ; on the other 
hand, it I’esembles the Carnivores in the development 
of only six incisor teeth in each jaw, and the ab- 
sence of the inflected margin of the lower jaw. 
Hymnodon. — 'I'his is the type of the family, partak- 
ing of the characters, in part, of the Hyaenas, Cats 
and Wolves. Dr. Leidy has described three species 
from the Miocene of Dakota. The largest is H. 
horridus, equal in size to a Black Bear. H. cruentus 
and H. crucians are smaller species, about the size 
of a Cat or Eed Fox. Some authors assert that 
the Hyaenodon shows, in addition to the above char- 
acters, a resemblance to the Weasels, the Eaccoons 
and the Opossums ; to the latter, probably, through 
the character of brain indicated by the features dis- 
