Carnivoka.^^ — MAMMALIA.-^^Cahnivora. Iv 
slender, its legs longer, feet narrower, and its tail 
ders and back. A variety called .Mexicanus — the Mex- 
more thinly clothed with fur.” The specimens ob- 
iCAN Lobo Woi.F— is varied with gray and black, has 
served by Kichardson were mostly from the coldest 
more of a mane than usual, a black or dusky band 
regions, and were, therefore, more likely to be clothed 
around the muzzle, and a dusky stripe down the fore- 
with the soft and fine fur than the European ones of 
leg. Audubon calls this Lupus gigas, and gives 
a lower latitude that he had probably seen. Great 
several anecdotes concerning its immense strength 
difficulty has been experienced in determining the 
and endurance. 
correct relation of the several varieties which have 
THE BLACK WOLF [var. ater) is entirely a jet 
been observed in North America. Prof. Baird says : 
black. This variety is found more numerous in 
“ It is difficult to occupy a middle ground between 
Florida than elsewhere. Audubon says it was very 
considering all our Wolves as one species with many 
abundant in Henderson, Kentucky, when he first re- 
varieties, or making all these varieties into as many 
sided there. He killed one in the act of seizing a 
distinct species. Thus we have the pure white Wolf 
turkey in his yard ; the brute squatted, and evidently 
of the Upper Missouri ; the dusky blackish-plumbeous 
aimed to avoid being seen. He describes a practice 
Wolf of the Missouri; the entirely black Wolf of 
then current among planters of constructing falls — 
Florida and the Southern States ; and the entirely 
pits dug in the earth, and covered lightly with foliage. 
red or rufous Wolf of Texas. These vary, too, in 
and baited. At one time he accompanied a neighbor. 
shape, as well as in color, the more southern ones ap- 
and found three in one pit, two of them the black 
pearing usually more slender, and standing higher on 
variety. Audubon was quite astonished to see the 
the legs — in consequence, perhaps, of the comparative 
planter jump into the pit with the three beasts, and 
shortness and compactness of the fur. 'I'he more 
deliberately cut their hamstrings. The animals 
usual variety of color, perhaps, is the gray, which is 
were then hauled out and given to the dogs to fight, 
found all over North America to the Arctic regions, 
as it is supposed they were too much for the curs. 
the others being more local in their distribution. 
whole-handed. He wished to “ sharpen the dogs’ 
* * * In conclusion, I am not able to come to a 
scent, too.” On another occasion he observed a 
decision as to the absolute number of species of 
beautiful black Wolf following a man like a Dog. 
North American Wolves. Of existence of varieties 
It proved so entirely tame that the owner had be- 
of color and, perhaps, of form and internal structure. 
come attached to it, and refused to part with it for 
there is no doubt. For the present, I prefer to con- 
a large sum. The variety called White Wolf in the 
sider all as one species, and to assume this with good 
West is exceedingly abundant in the Missouri Eiver 
reason, as distinct from some at least of the European 
region, and is often in company with the Prairie 
Wolves, if that continent possesses more than one.” 
Wolf in large bands. Mr. Bell has told us that when 
Maximilian, in Journexy to Nox'th America, 1841, 
he went through that country with Mr. Audubon, 
says: “This Wolf [Ganis 'oariabilis) is distinguished 
they saw eighteen in one gang. They cross with the 
from that of the Eastern States (whicli resembles 
Dogs of the Assiniboni Indians. The gait of the 
the European) by the somewhat smaller size, shorter, 
American Wolf is much like that of a large New- 
thicker snout, somewhat shorter ears, and by the 
foundland Dog. 
want of the dark stripe running down the legs in 0. 
THE RUFOUS WOLF {car. rufus) is a very com- 
lupus of Europe ; also by the color, varying from the 
mon variety in Texas, though all others are found 
ordinary Wolf’s gray to pure white. In any troop of 
there. Its color above is a mi.xed red and black ; be- 
these, one may see some that are entirely white and 
neath it is lighter. 
pale, some more mixed with gray, and others that 
PRAIRIE WOLF [Ganis lati’ans, Say). — Plate I. 
are entirely gray. In the living animal the iris is 
fig. ii. — This is a well-known animal in the western 
whitish-gray, washed with yellowish, dotted with dark 
portion of North America, where it is also called 
on the external border, and colored with yellowish- 
Coyote. Eschscholtz, in 1829, described this animal, 
brown around the pupil ; in a word, the iris is pale 
which he found in California, and named 0. ochro- 
yellowish-gray-brown, darker around the pupils. The 
pus ; it was also noticed by the zoologists of the 
gray variety has around the eye, the cheeks and sides 
corvette Sulphur. AVoodhouse has described it as G.. 
of the mouth, whitish ; forehead mixed with gray ; 
frustror; and in Lewis and Clark's Expedition it is 
top of nose pale reddish ; the short, truncated ears 
recognized as the Burrowing Dog {Lyciscus cajottis) 
are pale grayish-yellow ; upper parts of the animal 
of Hamilton Smith. This animal resembles the Fo.x 
are yellowish-gray, with decided black tips to the 
in the sharpness of its muzzle, and the Wolf in the 
hairs ; legs, belly and lower parts of the body, un- 
fulness of its tail. It is, however, a true AA^olf, and 
mixed whitish. The dark longitudinal stripe on the 
suggests a representation here of the Old AVorld 
fore-legs of G. lupus is not found in this species. A 
Jackals. Considerable differences have been noticed 
specimen of this Wolf, killed at Fort Clark, and re- 
in the development of specimens from various parts 
duced by hunger, weighed 58 pounds, and the penis 
of the continent, but an examination of large num- 
bone was 4" 7"' long. The varying Wolf brings 
bers has resulted in clearing away any doubts that 
forth from four to nine young, in April, in its burrow.” 
were entertained, and now only one species is recog- 
THE DUSKY WOLF {Ganis oecidentalis, var. mi- 
nized. Maximilian regards the Prairie AVolf as ex- 
lilus, Say). — The general aspect of this variety is a 
actly intermediate in size and shape between the 
dusky leaden color, with cloudings of black and 
Wolf and Fox; in dentition, agreeing more closely 
shadings of grayish on the sides of neck and shoul- 
with the AVolf, inasmuch as the front teeth are 

