Iviii C ARNivoRA. -MAMMALIA. Carnivora. 
hair not much exceeding the under fur. The tail is 
shorter, but the mutilation above mentioned must 
account for this feature. The head and body of an 
adult measured eighteen inches only, while the Gray 
Fox is twenty-four to twenty-eight inches in length. 
South American Canidaj. 
In a paper on the Ganidm, by Dr. J. E. Gray, in 
Proc. Zoo. Soc., London, 1868, the South American 
forms are very fully considered, more with reference, 
however, to the crania of the different species. The 
North American forms we have described according 
to the arrangement most familiar to American natur- 
alists — that of Prof. Baird, in Mammals of North 
America. 'J’lie Canines of the southern continent 
we place in accordance with Dr. Gray's system. He 
remarks in his paper: “The Dogs form a very 
natural group ; and it was early divided by the com- 
munity and naturalists into Dogs and Foxes, accord- 
ing to the length of tail and sharpness of face. The 
Ganidoe have been separated by general consent into 
three natural groups, according to the length and 
form of the tail — the AVolves having a short and 
straight tail ; the Dogs a more or less elongated tail, 
bent to the left, and more or less curled; the Foxes 
an elono-ated bushy tail. In South America there is 
a group with skulls like AVolves, but with long, slen- 
der tails, which may be called long-tailed Wolves. 
'I'here is no doubt that the form of the tail affords 
very permanent characters, and has considerable in- 
fluence on the habit of the animal. Dr. Burmeister 
has divided the family into two tribes, according to 
the form of the post-orbital process : First, Lupince, 
including the genera Canis, with a short tail, and 
Lycalopex and Pseudolojiex, with elongated tails, the 
skull beinggenerally thick and solid ; Second, 
including Vulpes and Urocyon, the skull being elon- 
gated, slender, thin and light. The habit of the 
animal is generally nocturnal, and the pupil of the 
eye elliptical, erect.” In this arrangement, under the 
genus Lupus, the species occidentalis of North Amer- 
ica is described. 
Chrysocyon. — Burm. 
Members of this genus have the head very long 
and nose slender. The pupils are round. 'I’he tail is 
short, reaching only to the hocks. 'J'he skull is elon- 
gated ; nose very long ; coronal crest is single and 
linear. The post-orbital process is thick, convex 
above, and bent downwards at the tip. 'J’he pre- 
molars approximate each other, and are large. 'The 
sectorial tooth is in the same line as the other teeth, 
'j'he internal palate is narrow. Gray makes the dis- 
tinction between the present and the following- 
species that this has the “ upper sectorial tooth 
moderated 
THE RED WOLF {Ghrysocyon juhata ). — 'I'his is 
the Loup rouge of the French, and the Aguara 
guazfi of the Guaranese or native population of Cen- 
tral South America, which signifies a great Fox. 
'I’he Chilians call it Culp6u, and Maximilian describes 
it as Canis campestris. It inhabits the extensive 
lowlands of Paraguay, where the numerous streams 
render it almost a necessity to take frequently to the 
water ; it is, consequently, a good swimmer. Its long 
legs give it a peculiar aspect when walking, as it 
strides off with the swinging motion of a large New- 
foundland Dog. Its voice is gouaa, repeated fre- 
quently and loudly, and is heard at great distances. 
'I’here is no very marked differences in the se.xes. In 
habit it is solitary. Azara gives the following de- 
scription : “ The length is exactly five feet ; the tail 
nineteen inches, the hairs measuring nearly four inches. 
It stands in front two feet ten inches and a half ; be- 
hind, two feet eleven inches. 'The ears are six inches 
high, the broadest part four inches ; they are not, 
properly speaking, sharp, but erect and very thick. 
From the tip of the muzzle to the ears it is nine 
inches and three quarters ; to inner angle of the eye, 
five inches. The whiskers are two and a half inches 
long, black in color. The upper jaw projects an 
inch. The canine teeth were ten lines long, though 
much worn. 'I'he eye is small and sunken. From 
the eye, forward, the muzzle is almost equal thickness 
to the tip. 'J’he female has six mamime. Under- 
neath the neck is a large white spot ; the long hairs 
within the ears, and the extreme half of tJie tail, are 
likewise white. 'I’he fur and hind-feet to the claws, 
the lower jaw from the corner of the mouth for- 
wards, and the extremity of the upper one, are all 
black ; the rest of tJie coat is a clear, somewhat yel- 
lowish-red color, 'i’he mane commences on the occi- 
put ; it continues erect till it passes the shoulder ; it 
is five inches and three quarters in length, and of the 
above-mentioned red color in the basal half of each 
hair, and the remainder to the tip is black. 'J’he 
hair all the body over, including the belly, with the 
exception of the inferior part of the fore-legs, is very 
long ; on the extremity of the spine it is four inches 
and a half ; it is neither completely flattened nor 
very rough, and would make excellent carpets. 'J’he 
hair of the tail is rather bushy, and of the same 
length as that of the body.” 
Fox-'I'AinED Wolves. 
Individuals of this group are characterized by an 
elongated tail, which reaches below the heels, and is 
more or less curved, and covered with more or less 
elongated hair, not forming a full brush. 
Lycalopex. — Burm. 
In this genus the pupil is circular, and the tail 
reaches below the hocks. 'I’he upper tubercular teeth 
are oblong, and together are much longer than the 
flesh tooth. 'I’his genus was instituted by Burmeis- 
ter in his Fauna Braziliana. 
THE VETERAN (Lycalopex vetulus, Burm.) — As 
no trivial name is given this species, and as it is to bo 
presumed that the specific term vetulus is applied for 
some good and sufficient reason, we venture to ex- 
tract from its Latin root the above designation. 'The 
casual or lay reader must have a name. 'The tail of 
this species is very long and bushy. Under side of 
