i:’iNNiPEDiA. MAMMALIA. Pinnipedia. 
Ixx 
Halicyon. 
Under this liead Gray places two species. 
RICHARD’S SEAL (Halicyon richardi) — inhabits 
the N’orth Pacific and Cohnnbia River. 
PEALE’S SEAL [Halicyon ’pealii). — This is the 
Ilalichajrus antarcticus of Peale, Wilhes' U. S. Ex- 
ploring Expedition. Gill calls this a typical species 
of Phoca, and adds that it appears to be identical 
with those that occur along the California and Ore- 
gon coasts. So there must be some error as to the 
assigned habitat in the Antarctic Seas, and proposes 
the name Phoca pealii.” 
Phoca.— 
THE BEARDED SEAL {Phoca larhata) is tlie 
Phoca lanica of one author; Callocephalus barbatus 
of F. Cuvier; Phoca leporina of Lepech (?); and 
Callocephalus leporinus of F. Cuvier. Its popular 
names are Leporine Seal and Great Seal. It is dis- 
tinguished by having larger and longer moustaches, 
and in being one of the largest of the order. Among 
the Eskimos it is prized particularly for the very 
serviceable hides from which, on account of the 
length, they procure fishing-lines and harpoon-lines. 
'I’he blubber is more delicate in taste than any other, 
and is prized accordingly. 'I’liis Seal is said to be 
occasionally seen olf the northern coast of Scotland. 
It is considered solitary in habit, and frequents the 
most distant and undisturbed places. It is not so 
watchful and lively as the Common Seal, nor is it so 
easily alarmed. Its length is about 14 feet. Its 
color is a deep brownish-black ; in the younger state, 
a light greenish-blue. ’J’he body is full or ventricose ; 
the hair very short, rigid ; the tail very short. 
THE WHITE-CHEEKED SEAL {Phoca naurica).— 
This species is recorded by Gray as a synonym of 
Phoca barbata of 'remminck, in Fauna Japanica-, 
and P. naurica and P. albigena of Pallas. It in- 
habits the North Pacific and the Japan Coast. 
Tribe II— HALICHtERINA. 
In this group the muzzle is broad and rounded. 
'I'he skull is higher in front; the nose-hole very 
large; the grinders conical; the two hinder of the 
upper, and the hinder one of the lower jaw, double- 
rooted. 
THE GRAY SEAL (Halichosrus gryphus). — This is 
a well-known species on the coast of Sweden, and is 
occasionally seen in the waters off Greenland, in 
Disco Ray and elsewhere. It is various-named by 
authors — as, griseus by Nilsson ; Phoca halichoerus 
by Thienemann ; P. thieneinanni by Lesson (in young 
state) ; and P. scoimlicola by Thienemann (young). 
Its popular names are Graskal of the Scandinavians; 
'I'apvaist of the Scotch ; and Hiiaf-fish of the northern 
Scotch. ’I’he latter name is used by Sir Walter Scott 
in the “ I’irate.” 'I'he Icelanders call it Utselur. 
'I'he resemblance of this species, in many respects, to 
the Walrus, has given rise to discussion with refer 
ence to its true place. A character which closely 
approaches the Walrus is seen in the disproportionate 
size of the brain, as compared with that of the Common 
Seal ; its remarkably small brain seems to be accom- 
panied by a corresponding degree of intelligence — (as 
the creature has not been successfully tamed or 
domesticated) — failing entirely to exhibit the bright, 
“knowing ’’aspect of the other members of the order. 
'I'he size of the brain of this species, which measured 
eight feet in length, did not exceed that of a Com- 
mon Seal [P. mtulina), which is less than four feet 
in length. 
Tribe III— MONACHINA. 
'I’his tribe is placed under a section by Gray, 
which has four cutting-teeth above and four or two 
below. In this particular tribe the cutting-teeth 
are the upper ones transversely notched. 'I'he 
palatine bones are not produced beyond the inner 
margin of the orbits. 'J’hey inhabit the Mediter- 
ranean Sea and the North Atlantic. 
'I’he typical genus, Monachus, is an inhabitant of 
the Mediterranean, and includes one species — the 
IMonk Seae {M. alhiveyiter.) 
Tribe IV— S'l’ENORHYNCHINA. 
'I’he cutting-teeth are conical and acute. 'I'he 
hinder-feet are nearly clawless. 
Stenorh YNCiius.— Gray. 
'I'his genus is represented by one species, an in- 
habitant of the Antarctic Ocean. 
SEA LEOPARD {Stenorliynchus leptonyed). — 'I’he 
nostrils of this species open like those of the Whales. 
'I’he stomach, when examined, was found to contain 
sea-weeds and a large quantity of small parasitical 
worms. “ 'I’he species appears to extend from the 
Antarctic to the New Zealand Seas, the New South 
Wales and Falkland Islands.” — Gray. 
Lobodon. — Gray. 
'I’his genus, and several following, has the three 
front upper and first front lower grinders single- 
rooted ; the rest two-rooted. 'The skull is elongate, 
and the muzzle similarly produced. 'I'he molar teeth 
are rather compressed, with large lobes in front, and 
three lobes behind the large central one. 'The head 
is lengthened considerably. 'I'he car has no conch 
externally. 'I'he muzzle is broad ; nostrils ovate, and 
hairy to the edges. 'I’he whiskers are stiff ; the 
orbits large, or moderately so ; the posterior portion 
of the temporal bone very convex, nearly hemis- 
pherical. 'I’he cutting-teeth are |; Canines, 
Molars, f-f. 'I’he fur is close-set, rigid, with no 
under fur. 
THE CRAB-EATING SEAL {Lohodon carcinophoca) . 
— In this species the head, back, hind-feet and ujiper 
part of tail, pale olive ; the fore-feet, sides of face, 
body, and tail beneath, yellowish-white; the hinder 
parts of the sides of the body, and base of hind-lin, 
yellow spotted, the spots unequal and often con- 
