Ixxii 
Pinnipedia. MAMMALIA. Pinnipedia. 
semblance to tlie trunk of tlie Elephant is quite 
apparent. Like other Seals, it is easily tamed. 
'J’he youii" are nearly as large as the Common Seal 
of our waters at birth, a circumstance which gives 
an idea of the immense bulk of this creature. Two 
cubs are generally produced, the period of gestation 
being about nine or ten months. The full-grown 
male is said to yield seventy gallons of oil. One of 
the Falklands is called Elephant Island, from the 
fact that enormous numbers of these creatures fre- 
quented it. Mr. Sclater informs us, however, that 
when Lecomte visited the island they had deserted 
it. They are yet met with in other localities. 
CVSTOPIIORA. 
'I’he nose in this genus, in the male, is provided 
with a compressed hood of considerable dimensions, 
extending to the back of the head ; the muzzle is 
broad and hairy; the nostrils are large. The muzzle 
of the skull is broad, and narrowed on each side in 
front. 'I’he forehead is flat ; the palatine bone broad 
and square. The hair is elongate and cylindrical ; 
the whiskers flat and waved. The claws are 
live in number, distinct from the integument, fl’he 
young is like that of the Harp Seal, but is dis- 
tinguished by the hairiness of the muffle between 
the nostrils, and by the teeth not being lobed, but 
only plaited on the surface. 
HOODED SEAL [Cystojiliora cristata) — Fig. 37, 
vol. i, j). 126 — is another curious form belonging to 
this order, the hood in this case being the more 
striking feature, though the extreme size to which it 
attains invests it with more than ordinary interest. 
'I’lie head of the Crested Seal is very broad, and the 
muzzle is short. A cartilaginous crest rises abrupt- 
ly over the head, six or seven inches in height, form- 
ing a sort of keel in the centre ; this supports a sort 
of cowl or hood, which is a development of the 
sej)tum of the nose, the nostrils opening on each side 
of it. 'i'his is not seen in the young and the females, 
and is only noticed when the male is enraged, being 
then inflated in a most grotesque manner. 'I'he 
uses of this crest are not understood ; it is one of 
many such examples where the male is provided with 
some extraordinary appendage, which seems to be con- 
nected some way with sexual functions. The males 
are extremely pugnacious, particularly during the 
mating season. 'I'he color of this species is a dark 
l)lue-black on the back, fading to a yellowish-white 
on the under portions of the liody. Large gray spots 
are spread irregularly over the body, and in the 
centre of each is a black spot. The head, tail and 
feet are black. In the young animal the colors are 
not so dark, being a slate-gray on the back and 
silvery-white beneath. 
'I'lie ('rested Seal is found in South (Ireenland, 
and is occasionally seen on the oiiposite shores of 
the main-land. It is quite common in Davis’ Straits 
from September to March. 'I'he natives here give it 
the name of Neitsersoak. A small specimen of the 
Crested Seal, which the sailors called Dladder-nose, 
is kept alive at the New York Aquarium. No at- 
tempt has been made to tame it ; it is, therefore, 
wild and shy. 
WEST INDIAN HOODED SEAL {Gystophora antil- 
larurti). — This is recorded by Gray as liavinga broad 
face ; the outer and upper cutting-teeth and canines 
broad and strongly keeled on each side, and longi- 
tudinally plaited within. The fur is gray-brown in 
color ; the lips, and beneath, yellow. Dr. Pickering, 
in the Report of U. S. Exploring Expedition to the 
Antarctic Seas, saw one in mid-ocean 135 miles dis- 
tant from land ; it was concealed under water at 
times, and appeared to swim entirely by its pectoral 
fins. 
Family-TRIOHECHIDJE. 
The muzzle in this family is broad, truncate, and 
swollen above. 'I’he ears have no conch. 'I'he eyes 
are very prominent. 'I’he skull has no post-orbital 
processes ; the mastoid processes are strong and 
prominent, the surface being continuous with the 
auditory bullae. A distinct alisphenoid canal is 
present. The cutting-teeth are f in the young, 
and I in the adult ; the grinders all with single roots. 
'I’he scapula has the hinder margin nearly straight, 
with the spine a short distance from and nearly 
parallel to it. 'I’he anterior and inferior feet are 
equal in size, the former destitute of claws ; the 
fingers decreasing in a curved line; the hind-feet 
with five toes, alt jirovided with claws ; the palms 
and soles are hairy in the young. 'I’ail is rudimen- 
tary. 'I'he locomotion is produced by the action of 
the abdominal muscles while the feet are ]>iaced 
flatwise on the ground, the hind-feet being brought 
forward, with the posterior third of the body curved 
under. 
Tkichechus. 
'I’he Walrus is the one only form in this genus. 
Its generic characters are largely embraced in the 
preceding family description. 'I’he muffle, palm and 
soles are callous, with the hair more or less worn 
off in the adult. The skin is covered with small 
ovate scales. 'J’he nose has very rigid, white, com- 
pressed bristles, rounded at the end. 'I’he fore-feet 
are small, the front claw rudimentary ; the hind-feet 
rather large, the first and fifth toes elongated, with 
a distinct flap and rudimentary claw. 
THE MORSE; WALRUS {Trichcclms rosmarus)— 
Plate 13, fig. 42. — 'I’his is the most remarkable and 
most formidable of the members of this order. It is 
found in vast herds, which frequent the regions of 
ice in both polar seas. As many as seven thousand 
have been seen in a herd. Curious tales are told of 
their habits. 'I’he ^Yllrus is sluggish on land, and, 
consequently, is quite willing to rest wherever he 
may drop after crawling up from a hole in the ice ; 
others coming up give him a push, and so the curi- 
ous movement goes on, until hundreds often are 
collected. As may be imagined, this great creature 
is clumsy and unwieldy on land. It attains a great 
size — a full-grown male measured fifteen feet in 
length, and authors mention even greater bulk. The 
VV'alrus has been tamed, and it is said to be quite as 
