Pinnipedia. MAMMALIA. Rodentia. 
Ixxix 
largest hairs of the nioustaclie are used by tliem for 
personal ornament. The Sea Lion is said, on the 
authority of Capt. Scammon, to play upon the curi- 
osity of the Penguin, and other large water birds, 
in such a manner as to draw them to the water, 
when it adroitly seizes their legs, and feeds upon the 
carcass. Formerly the skins of this Seal were of no 
value, but they are now sold for use as glue stock. 
Sea Lions inhabit the same regions as the Fur Seals, 
and often quite near the same rookeries. The natives 
drive them as they do the other forms, the time for 
doing so being at night. The most effective instru- 
ment for urging the unwieldy creatures on is found 
to be an umbrella, wliich, being opened and. shut at 
intervals, is sure to excite the poor creatures to every 
exertion. Three days and nights pass in this opera- 
tion, when the creatures are brought to the slaughter- 
ing place. As in the case of the Fur Seals, they are 
brought thus far to avoid the havoc which results 
from the killing, and which would otherwise unduly 
disturb the colony at the rocks. 
Arctophoca. 
Dr. Peters described this sub-genus from a speci- 
men sent from Chile by Dr. Philippi. It differs from 
Zalophus mostly in the palate, which is narrower, 
but rather wider behind, and the teeth rather far 
apart. Gray says : “I have not seen any skull agree- 
ing with these characters.” This is described as 
having abundant under fur. “The form of the skull, 
and the large size of the orbits are very similar to 
those of Phocarctos hookeri, but the number and 
form of the teeth are difierent. In the Monatsbericht, 
May, 1866, Dr. Peters described and figured with 
considerable detail a skull of a Sea .Bear, from Juan 
Fernandez, under the name Otaria philippi, forming 
for it a sub-genus, which he calls Arctophoca. In 
his revision of that paper, published in the same 
work for November, 1866, he places it as a synonym, 
or sub-species, of what he calls Otaria falklandica, 
which is my Arctocephalus nigrescens, and not the 
Otaria falklandica of Shaw, nor the 0. falklandica 
of Burmeister, as Dr. Peters supposes, as I have 
shown above. In this paper he removes Otaria 
falklandica (that is, nigrescens) from the sub- 
genus Phocarctos, to which he referred it in his 
first paper, and places it in his sub-genus Arcto-' 
phoca.” — Gray. 
CHILIAN FUE SEAL [Arctophoca philippii). — The 
synonyms are Otaria philippii, and Otaria hookeri — 
Oedee, VIL- 
This order, comprising the gnawing animals, is, by 
late authors, entitled Qlires, Eodents. Two sub- 
orders are instituted : SimpUcidentati, Ordinary 
Eodents, and DupUcidentati, Leporine Eodents — the 
latter embracing the Hare-like forms. Two other 
divisions are made, called Series : First, Sciuromor- 
pha, Sciurine Eodents, and secondly, Myomorpha, 
Murine Eodents — the former including the Squirrels 
the first by Peters, and the other by Murie in Proc. 
Zodl. Soc., 1869. 'I'he habitat is recorded as Juan 
Fernandez Island. This form is a black-gray in 
color — grayish-yellow on the head and neck, brownish- 
black beneath ; the base of the limbs a rusty-brown, 
and shining ; the hair of the beard, in six rows, partly 
black, partly quite white, and partly black with 
white base. The thick under hair is rusty-red. 
The preceding matter concerning the Pinnipeds 
is not particularly inviting to the general reader, 
but, it is hoped, will prove acceptable to the student 
who may not be able to consult the authorities. 
Great confusion has attended the examination and 
classification of these forms, and though several 
authorities have produced what they regard as satis- 
factory solutions, yet no doubt much more light will 
be forthcoming when larger collections of the indi- 
viduals, the skins and skeletons, shall come to be 
examined by competent authorities. The British 
Museum has usually been the most liberally endowed 
with specimens suitable for study, and we naturally 
look to the labors ol Dr. Gray, one of its most 
prominent curators, for a fair expression of results. 
We have searched very extensively for matter touch- 
ing the habits of the Seals, but find little that is re- 
liable. Jardines Naturalist's Library contains a 
valuable stock of tacts concerning' every order of 
zoology, and has a fair stock of description on this 
particular subject; but the singular uncertainty of 
nomenclature renders it of doubtful service. We 
have, therefore, carefully selected such as is clearly 
of value, and have endeavored to avoid any possible 
confusion in the presentation of specific descriptions. 
In a paper. Prodrome of a Monograph of the Pinni- 
peds, communicated to the Essex Institute, in Salem, 
October, 1866, by Dr. Theodore Gill, the Seals are 
presented under a somewhat difierent arrangement 
from the preceding. The student desiring a thorough 
view of the subject will, of course, wish to consult 
that work, as well as the treatise of J. A. Allen on 
the Eared Seals, in the Bal. Mas. Comp. Zodl, Cam- 
bridge, Mass., 1870. 'l.’he plan of the present work 
contemplates, while adhering as nearly as possible to 
the more generally recognized systems, an exhibition 
of the more recent individual views, particularly 
those of American naturalists. These will be pre- 
sented in tables at the close of the volume. The 
valuable work by Capt. Scammon exhibits a very 
lull account of a few prominent species. 
-EODENTIA. 
and allied forms, and the latter the Mouse-like ani- 
mals. Eleven families are embraced in this arrange- 
ment. In modern scientific phraseology the Eodents 
are regarded as of the sub-class Monodelphia, or 
Placentalia, and as ineducabilian placentiferous 
mammals. The late magnificent work on the Ro- 
dentia by Dr. Coues and Mr. Allen — Monographs of 
North American Rodentia, Hayden's Geological 
