Edentata. MAMMALIA. Edentata. 
cix 
Family— BRADYPODID^. 
This was found in tlie Big Bone Lick, Kentucky. It 
is not so large as the Megatlierium,yet it is gigantic, 
measuring eleven feet in length. It was closely 
allied to the Sloths of the present day, and had 
probably the same habits. Tlie teeth are eighteen 
in number. 'I’liree species are already known : one 
from the Ashley River, S. 0. ; one as above, and the 
other from South America. Several otlier extinct 
genera are known in the Pliocene and Miocene of 
North and South America. 
Scelidotherium has seven species in the Brazilian 
caves. 
' Ccdodon is found — one species — in the same lo- 
calities. 
Sphenodon, represented by one species, is in the 
same region. 
Orycterotherium — two species — from the Miocene 
beds of Nebraska and South Carolina. 
Gnathopsis has one species in South America ; and 
another extinct genus from the same localities — the 
Brazilian caves — is called Ochotherium. 
The Manidid.® are not represented by fossil ex- 
tinct species. 
'I’he DasypodiDvE, embracing the Armadillos, are 
represented by extinct species of Dasypus and Xen- 
urus in the Brazilian caves. The following extinct 
genera are also found in the same localities, deter- 
mined by fragments of jaws and various portions of 
other bones, viz. : Hoplophorus, Euryodon, Heter- 
odon, Pachytherium and Chlamydotherium ; the lat- 
ter as large as a Rhinoceros. 
Eutatis, allied to Tolypeutes, is from the Pliocene 
of Lii Plata. 
Orycteropodid^ is an extinct family, not repre- 
sented in America. 'I'he extinct genus, Macro- 
therium, and the huge form of an extinct genus, 
Ancylotherium, are found in the Miocene of France 
and Germany. 
Myrmecopiiagid^ has one extinct genus, Glosso- 
therium, in the caves of Brazil, and in the Tertiary 
of Uruguay. 
The most remarkable forms allied to the Arma- 
dillos are the Glyptodon and Schistopleurum ; the 
former having several species — some ot them nearly 
reaching the size of an Elephant. 
IIoPLOPHORiD.® is a term now used to embrace the 
latter forms. 'I’he word is from the Greek, indi- 
cating armor-hearer. 'I’hey are most nearly related 
to the living Pichiegos (Ohlamydophorus), and the 
Armadillos, 'i'he shell or carapace is a whole piece, 
as in the 'i’urtles. 'I’hey resemble gigantic 'I'or- 
toises, some of them attaining a length of fifteen 
feet, 'i'he Glyptodon has become familiar to most 
observing visitors to scientific museums, through the 
admirable casts of the original specimen. 'J'his and 
the Megatherium and Mylodon, fortunately, were 
recovered in such a perfect condition that their 
mounted skeletons are practically nearly entire. 
Sub-Order — 'i’ARDIGRADA. 
Individuals of this sub-order have a short face, 
elongate limbs, simple pelvis, and are herbivorous. 
In this, the Sloth family, the grinders are without 
roots — are cylindrical ; the canines distinct and 
acute. 'I’he body is covered with dry, crisp hair. 
'I’he' fore limbs are long ; the tail very short or want- 
ing; the mamime are pectoral; the tongue is elon- 
gate. 'I’here are three genera. 'I’he Sloths are 
especially confined to the regions of the great 
forests of Brazil, Bolivia and Guatemala. None are 
found west of the Andes, nor do they extend into 
Paraguay. 
Choi.cepus. — Illiger. 
'I’he hands in this genus are two-clawed ; the feet 
are three-clawed. The front grinder is large, like a 
canine-tooth. 'I’he pterygoid bone is considerably 
rounded and vesicular. 'I’his is genus Bradypus of F. 
Cuvier. 
UNAU, OR TWO-TOED SLOTH [Gholcepus didac- 
tylus). — 'I’his form is about two feet in length, and 
is found in Brazil and Guiana. Like other species, 
it is confined to the arboreal regions, where it pro- 
gresses with great facility from branch to branch over 
immense forests. Its food consists of leaves, buds 
and fresh shoots. 
HOFFMAN’S SLOTH {Gholcepus This 
is found in Porto Rico. 'I’he arms and claws are 
shorter than in the preceding. 
Bradypus. 
In this the hands and feet are three-clawed. 'I’he 
front grinder is small ; the pterygoid is swollen, hol- 
low and vesicular. 'I’he skull is flattened above on 
the forehead. 
THE AI, OR THREE-TOED SLOTH [B. crinitus)— 
Plate 17, fig 55 — is a native of Brazil. It is gray 
colored, with reddish sides ; the back of the neck 
with a mane formed of elongate black hairs. It is 
more common than the preceding. 'I’he pelage of 
this creature is exceedingly curious, resembling hay 
of a soft kind. 'I’he structure of the arms and 
legs — the forpier being much the longest — is mani- 
festly for facility in climbing, and this, too, upon the 
under side of the limbs of trees. Upon the ground, 
the Sloth is wholly at disadvantage, as he is not 
able either to stand or walk. 
Another species of Bradypus is the B. affinis, also 
a native of Brazil. 
Arctopitiiecus. 
The hands and feet are three-clawed. 'I’he skull 
is rounded above on the forehead. 'I’he front 
grinders are small. 'I’he pterygoid is compressed, 
crest-like and solid. Five species are known in 
South America. 
Sub-Order— EFFODIEN'ITA. 
In this group the grinders are none, or rootless. 
'I’he canines are sometimes entirely wanting; if 
