Edentata. MAMMALIA. Ungdlata. 
cxii 
limb of a tree. It is said to have some of the liabits 
of Squirrels, bein^ more lively than other forms of 
the order. 'I'he fore-feet have two claws only ; the 
exterior one is much the larger. The eyes are very 
small, and the ears are hidden in the fur. 'I'he 
whole animal is covered with a rich, soft and curly 
fur of a pale yellow-brown color. 
The G. dorsalis is a second species, found by Mr. 
Salvin in Costa llica. It is known by the “dis- 
tinct, well-defined, broad dorsal streak, and the 
yellow color of the feet and tail.” Its general color 
is a golden-yellow. There are four mammae, yet oidy 
one young is produced at a birth. 
Extinct Fossil Ungulates 
Under this head we arrange the numerous extinct 
forms which are not only allied to the Ruminants, but 
have a close relation to those embraced in the more 
comprehensive term — Ungulata. 'I'he latter desig- 
nation is used by later writers, as embracing in one 
order the Horses and all hoofed animals. In the 
Post Pliocene deposits, remains of Bos, Equus, Ante- 
lope, Hippopotamus, Rhinoceros and Phacochoerus 
are found. Equus is represented in the Pliocene ; 
and, for the first time, Hipparion, a horse-like ani- 
mal, in which the small lateral toes, seen in’ other 
forms, appears. Both genera occur in Europe. 'I’he 
genus 'I’apirus is found in the Newer Pliocene of 
France, and in the older beds of France and England ; 
Rhinoceros, Hippopotamus and Sus appear in the 
same. 'The genus Cervus is seen represented in 
great numbers in this period. Eight species are 
found in England ; Antelopes, Oxen and Bison are 
represented in the same. 'I'he most notable ex- 
ample of Cervidm is the great Irish Elk [Cervus 
megaceros). Remains of this animal are found in 
the Irish bogs. 'I’here are numerous quite perfect 
specimens of the skeleton in the museums ; one in 
Central Park has a breadth of antlers reaching near- 
ly eight feet. A specimen in the British Museum 
measures ten feet in width across the antlers. 
In the Miocene of Greece the three-toed Hipparion 
is represented, as well as three large species of 
Rhinoceros, and one species of the extinct genus 
Leptodon. Remains of a very large Wild Boar 
were discovered here ; and among these remains 
were also a species of Giraffe and an extinct genus, 
called Helladotherinm. Antelopes were represented 
by extinct genera Palseotragus, Palasoryx, 'I'ragoce- 
rus and Palaeoreas. An ancient form of Cervus i,s 
seen in an extinct genus, named Dremotherium. In 
the Miocene of Europe, the Ungulates were repre- 
sented by Hipparion and Anchitherium. 
'I’APiRiDAi:. — Paloplotherium is an extinct genus of 
the 'J’apir family, found in the Eocene. Hiiipo- 
therium is allied to the latter. 'I’apirs, allied to 
living forms, are found in the Vienna Basin. In the 
same locality and period are also Rhinoceros and 
the four-toed hornless species, called Acerotherium. 
Swine are numerous ; and extinct genera Hyo- 
therium, Palajochoerus and Choeromorus, Hyopo- 
tamus and Anthracotherium, are also here — the 
latter, according to Prof. Leidy, the type of a dis- 
tinct family. Listriodon is regarded as allied to the 
'I’apirs. 
'J’liE Anoplotiieriid^ are members of an extinct 
family allied to the Swine, and with some relation- 
ship to the Camels. 'I’he genus Chalicotherium, a 
large creature of the size of the Rhinoceros, is repre- 
sented by three species in Germany and Prance. 
An extinct genus, Synaphodus, is allied to the 
preceding. 
Amphimericid^. — 'I’his extinct family is also 
known under the title Xiphndontidce. It is repre- 
sented in two genera — Cainotherium and Micro- 
therium. 'I’hese were small, and intermediate between 
the Swine and TraguUdce. 'J’he Giraffes were repre- 
sented by the gigantic Helladotherinm, and the 
Tragulidm by the extinct genus Hyomoschus. 
CERViDyE. — 'I’lic Deei', seemingly, were not known 
until the Upper Miocene Epoch. 'I’liey were then 
represented by Dorcatherium and Amphimoschus. 
'I’he true Cervus is also found here, with the allied 
forms, now extinct, Dremotherium, Amphitragulus, 
Micromeryx, Palaeomeryx and Dicrocerus. 
BovidjE were not largely represented in Miocene 
times. 'I’here were no Sheep, Goats, nor Oxen. 
Equid.® were present in the Eocene Period of 
Europe ; rejiresented by the extinct genus Anchi- 
therium, and a more ancient form named Anchilo- 
phus. 
'I'apirid^ and PALaiOTHERiD.® were very numer- 
ous in species. Paloplotherium was abundant. 
'I’hese have affinities with the Horse, Rhinoceros, 
Cadurcotherium, Lophiodon and Propalaeotherium ; 
Pachynolophus and Plagiolophus are also allied. 
'I’he latter Mr. Huxley regards as the legitimate an- 
cestor of the Horse. Other forms are Coryphodon, 
Pliolophus and Hyracotherium, 'Papir-like animals, 
somewhat resembling the Horse. Swine are repre- 
sented in the Eocene by several small extinct 
genera. 
Anoplotherid.® were numerous. Of this extinct 
family, the Anoiilotherium is the type. It was two- 
toed, and had a long tail. A four-toed form is called 
Erytherium. 
'J’he Extinct Ungulates op the New World. 
Vast beds of fossil extinct animals have been dis- 
covered in the desert regions of North America, 
called the “ Bad Lands,” or Mauvaises 'I’erres of the 
French settlers. Dr. Leidy, alter visiting the locali- 
ties, where he brought to light an immense amount 
of material, describes a portion of the country as a 
wide plain, at the base of the Uintah Mountains, at 
an altitude of nearly seven thousand feet above the 
level of the ocean. 'I’his plain, at the close of the 
Cretaceous Epoch, was probably a vast fresh-water 
lake, and a rich tropical vegetation, no doubt, covered 
its banks. It is thought that the country has since 
undergone slow and gradual elevation, sufficiently to 
drain its waters and leave the surface dry land. 
'I’he “ Bridger beds,” so called from their proximity 
to Fort Bridger, in the great Uintah Basin, are in 
