Euminantia. MAMMALIA. Ungitlata. 
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formed. Its eyes are large and intelligent. 'I'he 
fleece surpasses in fineness and softness any other 
known. Some attempts are being made to acclima- 
tize these creatures, in order to procure their wool 
without sacrificing so many. The ancient Peruvians 
made use of the Llamas for various purposes, particu- 
larly for beasts of burden. They prove, even in 
these days of steam, most valuable for carrying over 
the mountain passes of the Andes. It is said that 
they easily carry a hundred and sixty pounds weight. 
'I'heir flesh is esteemed as food. 'I'he range of these 
animals is from Peru to the Straits of Magellan. 
'I’ragulidje — the Antelopes — are placed here, with 
two genera and six species, as restricted in Wal- 
lace’s arrangement. All are of the Old World. 
'I’he allied American forms are placed in another 
group. 
Family— 0BRV1D./B. 
'I'liK Deer. 
Wallace enumerates in this family eight genera 
and fifty-two species. 'I’hey are found very generally 
distributed, excepting in Africa, where they are 
restricted to the Mediterranean region. Of our 
American species the genus Alces has one, and 
'rarandus one (or two). Forty species of Cervus 
are enumerated. 'I’he typical Deer have antlers, 
in the male, and in one instance — ^the Reindeer — 
the female has them. 'I’he Musk-deer have none. 
.Members of this family have deciduous horns, 
which are solid, and are developed from the frontal 
bone. 'L’lie antlers, as the horns are usually called, 
are more or less branched. In the growing state, 
from the time of the first putting forth of the new 
antlers, there is a soft velvety integument, which 
covers the surface in which the nutrient blood- 
vessels lie. When the antlers are perfect in growth, 
the velvet is rubbed off by the animal, and the chan- 
nels which held the blood-vessels remain visible upon 
the surface. 'I’he circulation of the great vessels 
that accompany the growing antler is eventually 
stopped by a timely growth of tubercles around the 
base of the antlers ; these so press upon the vessels 
that coagulation takes place ; the blood ceases to 
flow, and the velvety integument becomes dead, ex- 
traneous matter, and yields to the process of rub- 
bing. 
'I’he dental formula of Cervidm is: Incisors, 
Canines (usually), ; Premolars, ; Molars, 3 - 3 . 
Aloe. — Ham. Smith. 
In this genus the muzzle is broad and , much 
elongated. 'I'he neck is short and thick. 
MOOSE [Alee americanus, Jardine ). — This remark- 
able animal was called by the earlier writers Cervus, 
and the present generic term Alee was used as its 
specific designation. The various terms Moose Deer, 
Black Elk, Flat-horned Elk, and Black Moose are 
used in different sections of Horth America. The 
Moose is regarded by late writers as identical with 
the Swedish Elk. Its range is now confined to the 
northern regions ; occasionally it is seen in the 
northern parts of New York and Maine. 'I’he 
antlers of the Moose are most remarkable ; their 
wide palmate surfaces spread to such an extent that 
an enormous weight is sustained. 'I’he neck is cor- 
respondingly developed. Unlike most ruminants, 
this creature has a short neck, one seemingly unfitted 
for grazing. As a compensation, the mouth is con- 
structed for eating the limbs of trees, and to this 
end the lips are very mobile and elongated. 'I’he 
term Moose is an Indian one, from musee, meaning 
wood-eater, in reference to its habits of grazing bits 
of shrubs and trees. 'I’he “ Moose wood,” or Penn- 
sylvania maple (Aeer Penn.) derives its name from 
the fact that the Moose feeds off it. In winter 
these animals congregate in small droves, and occupy 
a space which they keep tolerably habitable by 
tramping the snow. Their movements are very 
rapid, moving through the thickets with wonderful 
ease and caution. 'I’hey are timid and wary ; and 
their senses are very acute. Hunters find great diffi- 
culty in reaching near enough to shoot them. 'I’he 
height of the Moose at the shoulders is about seven 
feet. Much confusion has existed on account of the 
name Elk being applied to two of our American 
species ; we, therefore, adopt the more comprehensive 
title. 
Rangifer. — Ham. Smith. 
'J’he muzzle in this genus is entirely covered with 
hair. The hoofs are broad, depressed, and bent in at 
the tips. 'The external metatarsal gland is above 
the middle of the leg. 'I’he antlers are present in 
both sexes. 
WOODLAND CARIBOU ; REINDEER [Rangifer 
caribou). — This is regarded as a peculiarly American 
species. It is large, measuring three feet and six 
inches in height at the shoulder. Pi'ofessor Baird 
gives the measurements of an individual two and a 
half years old as follows : “ 'I’o root of tail, seventy- 
two inches ; tail vertebrm, four inches ; with hairs, 
six and a half ; height of the shoulder, forty-two 
inches ; from nose to ear, fourteen ; height of ear 
behind, five inches.” 'I’he antlers of the Reindeer 
vary exceedingly. 'I’he relationships of this species 
to the European Reindeer are not well ascertained. 
By some zoologists it is supposed to be the same ; 
by others different. “'I’he opinion is gaining that 
the barren ground species is distinct, and as this 
species cuts it off from the Arctic Circle, it would 
seem most probable that it cannot be the same with 
the animal inhabiting the circumpolar region of the 
Old World.” — Baird. 'I’his species is considerably 
larger than the Barren Ground Reindeer, but has 
smaller antlers. Richardson considers its northern 
limit as south of Hudson’s Bay, reaching as far west 
as Lake Superior ; southerly it extends to New 
Brunswick and Maine. In the earlier times it prob- 
ably ranged over the greater portion of New Eng- 
land. It is not found near the Rocky Mountains. 
Mr. Emmons, in his Report on Qundrupede of Mas- 
sachusetts, 1840, says : Whether the Caribou was 
ever an inhabitant of this State (Mass.) is now diffi- 
