Cetacea. MAMMALIA. Cetacea. 
cxxvi 
fringe, and a thin enamel coat on each side. 'I'he 
generic characters are seen in the breadtli of tlie 
first rib at tlie vertebral end — the square tympanic 
bone, tlie aperture of which is nearly as long- as the 
bone. Tlie first six cervical vertebrse are all united 
by their bodies. I’lie upper lateral process of the 
atlas is sub-cylindrical, narrow at the base, recurved 
and rounded at the end ; the lower lateral process is 
narrow at the base, swollen and rounded at the end. 
'i’he carpus, or wrist, is cartilaginous, with six carpal 
bones — a radius and cubitus, one radial and one 
cubital, and two carpals in the second range. 'I'he 
shoulder-blade is as long as broad, with a small cylin- 
drical coracoid process, rounded at the end. Five 
phalanges to the middle finger, four to the index and 
I'ing fingers, four to the little finger, and two to the 
thumb, 'i’he first rib is simple at the upper and thin 
at the free edge. 'I'he nasal bone is rhomboidal and 
moderate, 'i'he vertebrm number fifty to fifty-nine. 
— Gray. 
SEIBOID’S EIGHT WHALE {Eubalmia seiboldii, 
Gray). — 'i’his is figured in Captain Scammon’s 
Marine Maynmah of N'orth-west Coast N. A. as 
llaliEiia seiboldii, and is synonymous with ih japon- 
ica of Cray [Zoology of Erehus and Terror), the 
same' of Eschricht, and B. alutiensis of Meyer, in 
principal parts this species resembles the Great 
Greenland Whale, 'i'he latter, however, has no ap- 
pendage called the “ bonnet,” which is so conspicu- 
ous in the present, upon the anterior extremity of 
the beak-like upper jaw. Another species, the Euba- 
lajna australis, Gray (B. australis of Cuvier and B. 
capensis of Gray), is particularly a Southern one. 
it measures only about forty feet, at most, 'i'he 
up|)er jaw is so considerably curved that the baleen 
is really much longer than in others, 'i'his Whale 
api)ears in great numbers off 'i’erra del Fuego and 
the western coast of South America, and ranges to 
the coast of New Holland and the Cape of Good 
Hope, liubalsena cisarctica is a species named by 
Brof. Cope, and describeil by him in the Froc. Acad. 
Nat. Sci., Fhila., I860, it is identical with B. bis- 
cayensis of Van Beneden. 
lluNTERius. — Gray. 
'I’he characters of this genus are a broad first 
rib, with a double head at the vertebral end ; tym- 
panic bones square, the apertures of which are nearly 
as long as the bone, 'i’he vertebr® number fifty- 
seven or fifty-eight, the five first cervical-united. 
In the fourth, or ring finger, are five phalanges, and 
in the second, third and fifth are four. 'I’he first rib 
is bifid and articulated to the first two dorsals, or the 
last cervical and the first dorsal ; the second rib very 
thick at the free end. 'I'he nasal bones are very 
large. Three species are enumerated by Gray. 
Neither are inhabitants of our seas. 
Capekea. — Gray. 
'i'his genus is confined exclusively to the regions 
about New Zealand. One species only is enumer- 
ated. 
M.acleayius. — Gray. 
Of this genus Gray makes one living species and 
one fossil, from Lyme Regis in England. The former 
inhabits the Australian seas. 
Sub-Order— B ALHilNOP'i’EROIDEA. 
Animals of this sub-order have the head moderate 
in size ; the body elongate ; the dorsal fin distinct, 
and rarely wanting. 'I’he belly is rarely smooth, but 
usually plaited longitudinally, 'i’he baleen is short 
and broad. 'I'he maxillary bones are broad ; the 
pectoral fin is lanceolate, and arms elongate, the 
radius and ulna much longer than the humerus, 
'i'he fingers are four in number, sub-equal, 'i’he ver- 
tebrce of the neck are free, or partially united, 'i’he 
tympanic bones are oblong or ovate. 
Fa.mily— AGAPHELiDAH. 
Scrag Whales. 
Family characters are moderate head, elongate 
body, hinder part of the back keeled or notched ; 
cervical vertebrae free ; pectoral fin lanceolate ; fin- 
gers number four. 'I’he throat has no plates ; there 
is no dorsal fin ; and the ribs are single-headed. 
Agaphelus. — Cope. 
'I’he generic characters are essentially those of the 
family above named. 'I’he acromion is present on 
the scapula. Prof. Cope, who describes this genus, 
says : “ 'I’he baleen is peculiar. 'i’hroughout the 
length of the maxillary bone it nowhere exceeded 
one foot in length; and the width of the band, or 
the length of the base of each plate, four inches. It 
is of a creamy-white; the fringe very coarse, white, 
and resembling hogs’ bristles.” 
THE SCKAG WHALE [Agaphelus gibhosus, Cope). 
— 'I’his is the only species yet described, it inhabits 
the North Atlantic. 
Rii.achianectes. — Cope. 
This genus, established by Cope, has the cervical 
vertebrm free ; the throat without plates ; has no 
dorsal fin, and no acromion process to the scapula. 
THE CALIFORNIAN GRAY WHALE [RhacUanectes 
glaucus, Cope). — Of this species, l*rof. Cope remarks ; 
“'I’he points in which this species differs from those 
of the genus Balaena, previously known, are numer- 
ous, and will no doubt be increased on a further 
knowledge of the animal. 'I’he head, between one- 
fourth and one-fifth of the total length, allies it to 
the short-head species. From the B. australis the 
number of dorsal vertebrae, and the color and short- 
ness of the baleen, distinguish it.” 
Family— MEGAP'l’ERHBE.— fJrffy. 
Humpbacked Whales. 
'I'he dorsal fin is low and broad ; the pectoral fin 
very long, with four very long fingers, of many pha- 
langes. 'i’he vertebnc number fifty or sixty, 'i’he 
