Fringillid^. BIRDS. 
•Fhingillid.®. 
cxLiii 
so jealous of it as never to quit its neigliborliood, 
except for drink.” Wilson doubts the truth of this 
assertion, and gives several reasons why tlie bird is 
not likely lo adopt such measures. One, particularly, 
is that file climate being moderate, there seems no 
occasion for hoarding grains, especially as Iruit and 
berries are numerous at all seasons where the bird is 
found. Jn the Rocky Mountains of New Mexico is 
found the Rocky Mountain 'I'anager (P. hepatica), 
less brilliant than the former, but considerably larger. 
The Louisiana 'I’anager (P. ludoviciana) is a southern 
and western species. A variety, cooperi, is known to 
the Southern and Western States. 
Family— FRINGILLIDVE. 
EVENING GROSBEAK {Hesperiplwna vespertina). 
— Described by Audubon as Fringilla vespertina. 
Inhabits the Pacific Coast to the Rocky Mountains, 
and Northern America east to Lake Superior. 
PINE GROSBEAK {Pinicola emicleator ) — Plate 14, 
fig. 47. — Pyrrhula enucleator of Audubon. 'I’liis 
species is found in Arctic America, and, in severe 
winters, in the United States. A genus, Pyrrhula, 
with one species, cassini, has been found in Alaska. 
PURPLE FINCH {Garpodacus purpureus ). — Frin- 
gilla purpurea of Audubon and Wilson. “This 
bird,” says Wilson, “comes to us in large flocks 
from the north, in September and October; great 
numbers remaining with us in Pennsylvania during 
the whole winter, feeding on the seeds of the poplar, 
button-wood, juniper, cedar, and on those of many 
rank weeds that flourish in rich bottoms and along 
the margin of creeks. When the season is very 
severe, they proceed to the south, as far at least as 
Georgia, i-eturning north early in April.” A species, G. 
californicus, found on the Pacific Coast of the United 
States, is described by Raird as “ similar to purpureus ; 
l)urple of the head and rump much darker.” Another 
species, from the Rocky Mountains and valley of the 
Colorado, is Cassin’s Purple Finch (C. cassini). The 
latter is the largest of the American Purple Finches. 
BURION ; HOUSE FINCH [Carpodac^is frontalis). 
—Described by Audubon as “Fringilla frontalis. 
Rocky Mountains to Pacific.” 'I'his species is quite 
remarkable for the great variation in the shade of red 
in the different regions of the body. C. hremorrhous 
(Mexican Finch) is found in New iVIexico. 
YELLOW-BIRD [G. tristis). — 'I'his pretty bird is 
one of the most familiar summer visitors in the 
Northern States, where, in the southern districts, it 
remains through the year. “The song of the Yellow- 
bird,” says Wilson, “ I’esembles that of the Gold- 
finch of Britain; but is in general so weak as to 
appear to proceed from a considerable distance, when 
l)erhaps the bird is perched on the tree over your 
head. During the latter part of summer they are 
almost constant visitants in our gardens, in search 
of seeds, which they dislodge from the husk with 
great address, while hanging frequently head down- 
wards, in the manner of the 'ritmouse. From these 
circumstances, as well as from their color, they are. 
very generally known, and pass l)y various names, ex- 
pressive of their food, etc., such as 'I’histle-bird, 
Lettuce-bird, Salad-bird, etc.” 
ARKANSAS FINCH [G. psaltria ). — “'I’his Goldfincli 
is more like the C. tristis than any other of our 
species. Habitat, Southern Rocky Mountains, to 
the coast of California.” — Baird. 
BLACK GOLDFINCH; MEXICAN GOLDFINCH {G. 
mexicana ). — Found on the Mexican side of the valley 
of the Rio Grande southward, and at the copper 
mines of the Gila. 
PINE GOLDFINCH {G. yiMiMs).— This bird is a 
winter visitor in New England. In severe weather 
they congregate among the pine-trees of the forests, 
to feed on the seeds of those trees. Its habits and 
notes are much like those of the Goldfinch. 
BED CROSSBILL [Gurvirostva americana) — Plate 
14, fig. 48 ; and Fig. 118, vol. i, p. 365. — 'I'his is 
one of the most remarkable of our American birds, 
having the bill curved in such a. manner as to give 
one the impression that it is a deformity. The two 
mandibles cross each other, and the de.xterity with 
which they open the pine cones and extract the 
seeds shows plainly that this is a wise adaptation of 
means to end. It is a winter visitor to New England, 
and, according to Baird, resident in Pennsylvania., 
among the mountains. According to Mr. Allen and 
Prof. Verrill, it sometimes breeds as far south as 
Massachusetts and iSlaine. It inhabits almost all 
our pine forests situated north of 40°, from the 
beginning of September to the middle of April. 
WHITE- WINGED CROSSBILL {G. leucoptera) 
'I’his species is less common than the preceding in 
its winter visits, though it frequents the same places 
iuid at the same seasons. It has all the general 
characteristics of that bird. A species described by 
Strickland as Loxia mexicana, is now regarded as a 
variety of the Curvi rostra. 
LESSER RED-POLL {jBgiothvs Unarius ). — 'I’his is 
another common winter visitor in the Northern 
States. It congregates in large flocks, and is seen 
in the pasture-lands and fields, feeding on the seeds 
of grasses and on weeds. It has the habits of the 
Goldfinch and Pinefinch, and utters a similar note. 
MEALY RED-POLL (A. canescens). — 'I’his is a very 
rare winter visitor in New England, being more com- 
mon farther north. According to Prof. Verrill, it is 
larely found in Maine. It difl'ers from the preceding 
in its larger size and generally hoary appearance, 
and the pure white or rosy rump, never with dusky 
streaks, as in the female and young of A. linaria. 
GRAY-CROWNED FINCH {Leucosticte tephrocoiis). 
— Found in the Northern Rocky iSlountains, and in 
the vicinity of Salt Lake City in winter. 'I'wo other 
species are recorded as belonging to the north-west 
coast of North America, viz.; Gray-necked Finch 
(L. griseinucha). 'I’he Gray-neck is similar to the 
Gray-crowned, but duller, and beneath more tinged 
with rosy ; its cheeks and neck above distinctly gray. 
SNOW BUNTING {Plectrophanes nwaUs).—'V\\\ii is 
common to both continents. Uther sjiecies ^ire ; 
La[)land Long-spnr, Smith’s Bunting and Chestnut- 
colored Bunting. Very similar to the last-named 
siiecies is the P. inehuiomus, found on the eastern 
