Amphisb^nia. BATRACHIA. Anura. ccxxi 
Oedee — AMPHISBJENIA {Double Wallers). 
This order embraces a few forma, the typical one 1 
gress in either direction equally well. A description 
being named from tlic fact tliat it is supposed to pro- 1 
of the order will be found in Vol. 11., pp. 84-5. 
Class — BATRACHIA {Batrachians). 
Animals of this class are cold-blooded vertebrates, 
gills, to the perfect form, wherein the branchi® are 
closely allied to the Fishes, having external gills 
gradually absorbed to give place and function to the 
or branchiae, but no rayed fins. On the other 
proper internal lungs of the higher groups. 'The 
hand, their well-developed limbs show close alliance 
heart is three-chambered, with two auricles and one 
with the Eeptiles. 'I'he Batrachians undergo a 
ventricle. 'These creatures are reproduced by means 
more or less perfect change from the 'I'adpole, aqua- 
of eggs that are soft, small in size, and brought to 
tic and fish-like, breathing by means of external 
perfection in water, or in moist situations. 
Oedee — ANURA [Tailless Batrachians). 
This order embraces the families of Frogs and 
SOLITARY SPADE FOOT [Scaphiopus holbrooM ). — - 
Toads. 'I’he principal characteristics are a nearly 
'This inhabits the Eastern United States. Not very 
or quite naked body, particularly short and broad ; 
common. It is the S. solitarius of Holbrook. 
absence of tail ; and a long intestinal canal. 
Family — HYLADyE [Tree Frogs). 
Family— EANID.^ [Frogs). 
'I'ailless Batrachians, with the tongue adherent in 
'This family embraces arboreal forms of small size. 
front, more or less free behind. 'I'he fingers are four 
having the fingers and toes adapted for adhering to 
in number, the toes five, usually webbed. Fourteen 
smooth surfaces by means of small discs. 'Ten genera 
genera are enumerated, and about fifty species. 
and sixty species are known, very generally dis- 
COMMON FROG [Ranahalecina). — Called, also, the 
tributed. 'Their exceedingly shrill voices are well 
Lbopard Frog. It is named Shad Frog in Pennsyl- 
known. 
vania, from the fact that it appears with the shad in 
COMMON TREE TOAD [Hy la versicolor) . — -'This form 
the spi'ing. Habitat, North America generally. 
is very abundant and familiar in the Bast United 
PICKEREL FROG [E. palustris). — 'I'his is common 
States. H. pickeringii and H. andersonii are less 
in the eastern portions of the United States. 
common. 'The latter is found from New Jersey to 
GREEN FROG [E.clamitans). — Called, also. Spring 
South Carolina, and is very rare. 
Frog, and E. horiconensis, Holbrook. Is a handsome 
TREE FROG [Ohorophilus triseriatus). — Habitat, 
species, bright green, spotted with blackish. Inhabits 
East United States. 
the United States east of the Eocky Mountains. 
CRICKET FROG [Acris gryllus). — Inhabits the 
BULL FROG [E. catesbiana). — E. pipiens of other 
eastern portion of the United States. A variety. 
authors. 'I'his is the majesty of all Eanine realms — 
crepitans, is known. 
the head and front of Frogdom. It is common in all 
parts of the Eastern States. 
Family — 'BUFONIDHt] [Toads). 
THE WOOD FROG [E. temporaria). — 'I’his is an 
European species, common in the eastern portions of 
'These are toothless forms, with webbed toes, not 
the United States. 'I’wo varieties are known, E. 
provided with discs. 'The skin is peculiarly warted. 
cantabridgensis and E. sylvatica. 
'Three genera and thirty species are known through- 
out the world. Australia is the only exception. 
Family— SCAPHIOPID^ [Spade Foots). 
AMERICAN TOAD [Biifo lentiginosus). — Very 
'I’errestrial Frogs, with a heel provided with a more 
common throughout the United States, it varies 
or less developed spur. 'Three genera and ten species 
considerably. 'The northern form is variety ameri- 
are found in America, Europe and Australia. 
canus. 
Oedee — MODELA [Salamanders). 
'These forms are naked, elongated, with four de- 
creature so changed, that it remains out of water 
veloped limbs. 'The adult has no external branchiae. 
much of the time, and breathes air through proper 
the latter being absorbed, and the habits of the 
lungs. 
