• 
ccxxii Modela. BATKACHIA. PuoTEiDiB. 
abundant in the south and west of the United States. 
Family— PLEURODELID^5 [Newts). 
Until recently these forms were regarded as distinct 
SPOTTED TRITON [Diemyctylas viridescens ). — 
from the Siredon. 'I'he larvae (see Plate 4, fig. 2), or 
Galled Nkwt and Eft. Abundant in the eastern 
imperfectly-developed forms of the Amblystoma, are 
portions of tlie United States. Pound in ponds and 
now known to attain the Siredon state. 
brooks. 'I'lie Red Eft (D. ininiatus) is regarded as a 
MOLE SALAMANDER [Amblystoma talpoideum ). — 
variety of the preceding. 
Inhabits from Southern Illinois southward. 'I’here 
are eight other species enumerated, found respec- 
Family— DESMOGNATHIDJE. 
tively in Ohio, New Jersey and southward. Speci- 
'I’his family resembles the preceding, but there are 
mens kept in the New York Aquarium have, during 
important differences in the skeletal characters. 
the summer of 1878, passed through the various 
YELLOW SALAMANDER {Desmognathus ochro- 
stages of transformation. 'I'he tail was first noticed 
phoca). — Galled, also, the Desmognath. Inhabits 
to be gradually becoming smaller, and, on absorption 
the Alleghany Mountains. 'I’he Dusky Salamander 
of the branchiae, was in a few weeks complete. 'I’he 
(D. fusca) inhabits from Ohio to Massachusetts, and 
more delicate and comely Salamander, with proper 
southward, and is one of the commonest species in 
internal lungs, and its body prettily decorated with 
springs and brooks. 'J'he Black Salamander (D. 
round spots, was the perfect and permanent form. 
nigra) is the largest of the eastern species. Inhabits 
'I'his process of change was clearly visible in the well- 
from Pennsylvania southward. 
arranged tanks of the Aquarium. 'I’he larva state of 
one species is the curious Axolotl of Mexico and 
Family- PLE' l'HODON'riDJB. 
Lake Gomo, Western 'I’erritories. (See Plate 4, 
These are distinguished by the name American 
fig. 2.) 
Salamanders. 'I'liere are eleven genera and thirty 
Family— MEN OPOMID^. 
species, nearly all ol them North American. 
PODR-TOED SALAMANDER [Hemidactylium scu- 
'I’his family embraces large-sized Salamanders, 
tatum). — Inhabits from Rhode Island to Illinois, and 
with the form of the preceding. 'I’hey are aquatic. 
southward. It is the S. melanosticta of Gibbes. 
with well-developed legs. One genus and two species 
RED-BACKED SALAMANDER [Plethodon erythro- 
are known. 
notm). — Gommon in the Eastern States. A variety. 
HELLBENDER [Menopoma alleghaniense) — Plate 
P. cinereus, is without the red dorsal band. 'I'he 
3, fig. 1). — Galled, also, the Big Water Lizard. 
Viscid Salamander (P. glutinosus) — chiefly terres- 
'i’his is rather a repulsive creature, though perfectly 
trial, like the preceding — is found in same localities. 
harmless, as are all of this group. It is about one 
TWO-STRIPED SALAMANDER [Spelerpes bilinea- 
and a half to two feet in length. Specimens are 
tus). — Galled Gave Salamander. Inhabits from 
kept in the New York Aquarium, where the habits 
Maine to Wisconsin, and southward. S. longicaiidus 
are well observed. It inhabits the Mississippi and 
abounds in the caves from .Maine to Kentucky. The 
Ohio rivers, and southward. 
Red 'I'riton (S. ruber) — Pseudotriton of Baird — is 
found from Maine to Nebraska, and southwards. 
FAMmY — AMPHIUMlDiE [Congo Snalces). 
PURPLE SALAMANDER [GyrinopMlus porphyr- 
'I’hese forms are Salamanders of great size, with 
iticiis). — A large aquatic species, inhabiting the 
an almost serpentine body. 'The limbs are rudi- 
Alleghany Mountains. It is the Spelerpes salmonea 
mentary, with two or three toes each. 'I’hey are 
of Storer and Gray, and is said to be the oidy Sala- 
aquatic. 'J’wo genera and two species are known. 
mander that exhibits any efforts at self-defense, 
TWO-TOED CONGO SNAKE [Amphiuma means).— 
others being sluggish and inactive. 
Vol. II, p. 99, fig. 28. Inhabits South Garolina, 
Florida, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. 'I’he 
Family— AMBLYSTOMID AH. 
genus Mursenopsis has one species. 'I’hey are both 
One genus and nineteen species are recorded, sup- 
found in the ditches and small streams of the South- 
posed to be all American. They are particularly 
ern States. 
Order — PROTEID^ [Tailed Batrachians). 
Family — PROTEIDAH [Mud Puppies). 
have no posterior limbs. 'I’he pelvis is entirely 
wanting. 'I'he lower jaw is well provided with teeth, 
MUD PUPPY [Necturus lateralis). — Galled, also. 
the upper has none. 'I’he eyes are very small. 'I’wo 
Water Dog, Menobranchus, Dog-fish. Is common 
genera, and two species are known. 
north and west of the Alleghanies ; abundant in the 
THE GREAT SIREN [Siren lacertina)—P\-A& 4, 
Great Lake region. Its length is nearly two feet. 
fig. 1. — Iidiabits North Garolina, Southern Illinois, 
and southward. Its length is about three feet. 
Fa.mily — SIREN ID.^E [Sirens). 
Pseudobranchus striatus is a small species, found in 
'I’he Sirens are elongated in body, eel-like, and 
Georgia. 
