PLEUKONECTiDas. PISHES. Gadids:. ccxxix 
as liigli up the Hudson Riveras Feekskill. It is ex- 
tremely tenacious of life ; Dr. DeKay kept one alive 
four days out of water. 'Die old authors give very 
good figures of this Fish, placing it near the Ruys. 
Rondelet gives Ld Petite Sole ou Lingulam, and 
Delon, La Sole, Lingulaca, Puglossa. 
Famiuy— rLEURONECTlDHii. 
PHTHAM’S PLAT-PISH [Euchalai'odus putnami, 
Gill). — 'I'his is, so far, only found in Salem Harbor, 
Mass., and named in honor of Mr. Putnam, of Salem. 
THE COMMON FLOUNDEE {Pseudopleuronectes 
americanus ( Walh.), Gill). — Called, also, Winter 
Flounder and Mud Dab in Massachusetts, and Sole 
in New York. Habitat, Nova Scotia to Cape Cod. 
'I'his Flounder is a very familiar Fish, especially so to 
the small boy who waits so patiently on the wharves 
of salt-water harbors. It is the most common species 
in our waters, and is subject to great variation. Mit- 
chill mentions seeing one with the upper surface en- 
tirely white, and another with a yellow margin on the 
lower side. DeKay obtained a specimen “ which 
presented the remarkable peculiarity of being not 
only reversed, but douloled. Its color on both sides 
was uniform bronze, with a white patch on its right 
side near the chin, almost entirely denuded of scales.” 
It is called New York Flat-fish (Platessa plana). In 
Massachusetts it is universally called 'I'iib Fj.ounder. 
KUSTY DAB [Myzopsetta ferruginea [Storer), Gill). 
— Called Sand Dab in klaine. It langes from 
Nova Scotia to Cape Cod. Storer says: “This 
species is occasionally brought to the market in the 
winter season only. It is taken in about thirty 
fathoms of water." DeKay calls it the Rusty Flat- 
fish (Platessa ferruginea), and says : “ The fishermen 
consider it rare, and oidy found in deep water.” 
AMERICAN DAB [Limanda rostrata [Storer), Gill). 
— Found in Labrador waters. 
SMOOTH PLAICE [Pleuronectes gltxber [Storer), 
Gill). — Named, also. Smooth-back. Found from 
IHaine to Massachusetts. 
LONG DAB [Glyptocephalus acadianus, Gill ). — 
Found in Maine. 
SPOTTED TURBOT [Lophopsetta maculata [Mitch.), 
Gill). — Called, in New Jersey, Window-pane, and in 
New York, Sand Flounder. It ranges from Cape 
Cod to Hatteras. 'I'his was formerly described by 
Mitchill as the New York Plaice (Pleuronectes 
maculatus), and by Cuvier as Rhombus aquosus. 
DeKay regards it as the Watery Flounder of Mit- 
chill. He says : “On the coast of Massachusetts it 
is sold as the ‘ English Turbot,’ from which, however, 
it is easily distinguished by the absence of the nu- 
merous tubercles on the colored side which charac- 
terize that species. 'I'he Spotted or Watery 'I’urbot 
is regarded as a delicate article of food, and has been 
knovvn to weigh twenty pounds. It is more com- 
monly called Sand Flounder.” A species called 
Whiff (Citharichthys microstomus. Gill) is found 
from New Jersey to Cape Hatteras. 'I’he Arctic 
Dab (Hippoglossoides platessoides ('Tab.), Gill) is 
found iji the Polar regions. Another species, called 
the Common Flounder, is Cluenopsetta occellaris 
(DeKay), Gill. DeKay gives it the trivial name, 'I'he 
Long-toothed Flounder (Platessa), and says of it: 
“This is a savory Fish, common on our coast in the 
summer months.” , 
SUMMER FLOUNDER [Pomatopsetta dentata [Stor- 
er), Gill). — Storer calls this Platessa dentata of 
Mitchill, and as a trivial name, 'I’he Flounder of 
New York. It is known among the fishermen of 
Boston as Sand Dab, and is taken in the winter 
season near Cape Cod, in deep water. It is named 
the 'I’ooTHED Flat-fish by DeKay, who says : “ It is 
extremely common in our markets, and is called 
Summer Flounder. It is a well-flavored fish.” 
FOUR-SPOTTED FLOUNDER [Ghmnopsetta oblonga 
[Mitch.) Gill). — 'I’his is the Oblong Flounder of 
DeKay, and Spotted Flounder (Platessa oblongus, 
Mitchill). DeKay remarks: “It is common along 
our coast and sandy shores, and is procured abun- 
dantly in September and October. It is excellent 
eating, and usually sells at from six to eight cents 
per pound. Like its congeners, it is very tenacious 
of life, and can be preserved in good condition for a 
long period.” 
THE HALIBUT [Hippoglossus americanus. Gill).— 
'I'his is the familiar great Flat-fish of our markets, 
and a very superior one as an edible. It is H. 
vulgaris of Cuvier. Great numbers are taken in 
Massachusetts Bay, and on Nantucket Shoals, some 
reaching two hundred pounds in weight. Dr. Storer 
records that Mr. Newcomb, a noted fish-monger of 
Boston market, had on his stand a Halibut “which 
weighed, after the head and bowels were removed, 
four hundred and twenty pounds.” He adds: “'I’he 
largest specimen of which I have any certain knowl- 
edge was taken at New Ledge, near Portland, i\le., in 
1807, and weighed upwards of six hundred pounds.” 
The Halibut fishery is at times very considerable. 
At the Nantucket yiioals alone there were once em- 
ployed eighty vessels of from sixty to eighty tons 
burthen each. 'I’he Halibut abounds on both sides of 
the Atlantic, inhabiting the cold seas, and migrating 
southward in the warmer season as far as New York, 
returning in July and August. Some suppose that 
it retires to deep water in winter, without changing 
its latitude. Specimens are sometimes seen with 
the sides leversed — the eyes and colored surface on 
the left side. Rondelet and Belon give good figures 
of this Fish under the names Flez, Helhut. A 
species called Greenland Hai.ibut (Reinhardtius 
hip))Oglossoides) is found in Greenland waters. 
Family— MACRUR 1 D 
'rwo genera are embraced under this family name — 
Macrurus, with one species, rupestris (Bloch.), called 
Ingmingoak ; and Coryphagnoides norvegicus, called 
: Gunner. 'I'hey are found in Greenland waters. 
Family— GADIDaE. 
POLLOCK [Pollachius carhonarius [Linn.) Bon .) — 
Called in England Coal-fish — probably from its 
coal-like aspect — hence its specific name. It inhabits 
from Greenland to Hatteras. 'The Pollock is at 
