Fbesh-water Fishes. FISHES. Fsesh-wateb Fishes. cclix 
one of the most beautiful in form and ornamentation. 
borhynchus (Blunt-nosed Minnows), one species; 
Six other species are recorded, several of them found 
Hybognathus (Blunt-jawed Minnows) ; Ericymba 
in Maine. DeKay, speaking- of the Lake 'I’rout (S. 
(Silver-mouthed Dace); Semotilus (Fall-fish), includ- 
confinis), says : “'I’he average weight is from eight 
ing the several species of Chub found in Massacliu- 
to ten pounds, and I have heard fishermen speak of 
setts; Ceraticlithys (Horned Chub); Rhinichthys 
some weighing thirty pounds and even more.” Os- 
(Long-nosed Dace); Phenacobius (The Phenaco- 
merus ('I’he Smelt) has been treated among the Ma- 
bies) ; Hybopsis (Blunt-faced Minnows) ; Hemitre- 
rine Fishes. A variety called Land-locked Smelt 
mia ('I'he Homitremes); Chrosomus (Red-bellied 
(0. spectrum) is found in AVilton Pond, Me., and 
Minnows); Phoxinus (European Minnows); Lythru- 
Abbott’s Smelt (0. abbotti), in Oobessicontic Pond, 
rus (Red Fins); Luxilus (Shiners). Common Shiner 
Me. Thymallus (Grayling) is represented by one 
(Luxilus cornutus (Mitch.), Jordon), Red Fin, Rough- 
species — ' 1 '. tricolor — a very beautiful Pish, found 
HEAD. This is one of the more familiar forms, inhab- 
in Michigan. Argyrosomus (Siscoes) embraces five 
iting streams and ponds from Maine to the Rocky 
species — T he Lake Herring, 'I'ullibee, Black Pin, 
Mountains. DeKay records it as Leuciscus cornutus 
etc., inhabiting deep water of the great lakes. 
(Red Dace), and Storer as Hypsolepis cornutus. 
Lake White Fish (Corregonus albus, Leseur) also 
One other species is found in the 'I'ennessee River. 
inhabits the great lakes. 'I'his is, perhaps, the most 
Plargyrus (Silver Fins) embraces two species found 
notable of edible Pish found in the fresh-waters of 
in the lakes and rivers of the West. Photogenis 
North America, ranking, probably, about as the Cod 
(White cheeked Shiners) has six species, all of the 
or Haddock does in our coast marketing. It is most 
Western rivers. Minnilus (Rosy-faced Minnows) is 
abundant in Lake Huron, but is taken, also, in Lake 
represented in the Western streams by six species. 
Erie. It is found northward to the Arctic Sea. 
A variety of M. rubrifrons (Cope), Jordon, called 
Family HYODONTID^. — A single species in- 
Abbott’s Rosy Minnow, is known in the Delaware 
habits the Western streams and the great lakes. 
River. Notemigonus (Golden Shiners) is represent- 
Hyodon (Moon-eyes) is represented by the Sii.ver 
ed only by the Stilbe, Bream, or Shiner (N. ameri- 
Herring or Toothed Herring (H. tergisus, Leseur), 
canus (Lsnn.), Jordon. This is among the largest 
one of the most beautiful of fresh-water Pishes. 
of the family, bearing a strong resemblance to a 
Family CLUPEIDHS [Herrings). — Twelve genera 
young Shad, and is found in streams from New Eng- 
and one hundred and twenty species are known. 
land to Minnesota and south. Carassius (Crucian 
many of them marine. Besides the Shad and Ale- 
Carps). This genus includes one species — the well- 
wife, there are the Cayuga Lake Shad (Pomolobus 
known Golden Carp (C. auratus (Linn.), Bleeker); 
lacustris, Jordon), and Ohio Golden Shad (P. chry- 
originally brought from Asia, and is now every- 
sochloris, Raf.) Dorosoma (Gizzard Shad). 'I'he 
where naturalized. Tlie wonderful tenacity of life 
Hickory Shad is of this genus, a common marine 
and great powers of reproduction of this Fish render 
species, and the Ohio Gizzard Shad (H. notatum. 
it immensely numerous wherever it is found. Small 
Raf.), inhabits the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. 
pond holes near the Central Park, New York, as 
Fajuly CYPRIN1DJ5 {Garp-lihe Fishes). — The 
well as the lakelets and streamlets which are in the 
Minnows are here included ; small Fishes of the 
park, are abundantly stocked. In a notice of this 
fresh-waters of the Old and New World. 'I’he genera 
species elsewhere we have stated that a wonderful 
are about one hundred and fifty, and the species num- 
change is effected in both form and color. 'I'he color 
ber from seven hundred to one thousand. They are 
is not only changed, but the eyes and tail are altered 
said to be excessively abundant where found, both in 
permanently in their aspect. Specimens of the more 
individuals and in species, and, from their great uni- 
notable of the species are kept alive in the New York 
formity in size, form and coloration, are exceedingly 
Aquarium. The IiIuropean Carp (C. carpio, L.), in- 
difficult of identification. 'I’he largest species seldom 
troduced, is found in some Eastern rivers. 
weighs more than three or four pounds. A curious 
Family CATOSTO.MlDiE [Suckers). — These are 
change takes place in the male during the breeding 
Fishes of similar character to the last, of medium or 
season. 'I'he top of the head, and sometimes the 
large size. Ten genera and about fifty species are 
whole dorsal region, is covered with tubercles, in 
knov/n. They abound everywhere east of the Rocky 
rows— epidermal spinous outgrowths. The skin of 
Mountains. Two or three are known to China and 
the muzzle is then swollen and colored. In some 
Japan; all the rest are North American. Catosto- 
species these tubercles are quite large, covering the 
mus (Brook Suckers) has two species recorded 
sides of the head. In some genera the males are 
by Jordon. DeKay says the Common Sucker is 
temporarily adorned with red-colored tints. Exo- 
seen in the New York market in autumn, but does 
glossum (Stone 'I’oters) has two species, called Day 
not speak highly of its flavor. Hypentilium (Big 
Chub, Cut Libs, etc., found in western New York. 
Stone Luggers) has one species known in “lakes 
Campostorna has one species, which is everywhere 
and streams from New York to the south and west. 
abundant in the Mississippi Valley, and is said to be 
and is abundant and one of the most singular of 
one of the most interesting of American Fishes. 
Fishes.” Erimyzon (Chub Suckers). Three species 
'I’he name Stone-roller, which it bears in the South, 
comprise this genus in our waters. The Creek-fish 
refers to habits of moving stones by which to form 
or Chub Sucker (E. oblongus (Mitch.), Jordon) is 
nests. The following genera are recorded : Pime- 
known in New England and southward, and is also 
phales (Round-headed Minnows), two species; Hy- 
abundant in the great lakes. DeKay records it as 
