cclxiv Cephalopods. MOLLUSCA. Cephalopods. 
and cemented over to protect tliem from enemies. 
'I’he Molluscan Fauna of the United States is esti- 
Tlie oceanic Snail, or Jantliina, carries liers in a 
mated as follows : Land Shells, three hundred spe- 
floating raft alongside her beautiful vessel, securely 
cies ; Fluviatile Gasteropods, six hundred species; 
attached. The Argonaut holds hers within the pro- 
Fresh-water Mussels, seven hundred species ; Marine 
tecting folds of her mantle. 'I’he River Mussel and 
Mollusks of the Atlantic, six hundred species ; and 
Cyclas are said to carry their young within the man- 
about the same number of the latter on the Pacific 
tie until the period arrives for them to shift alone. 
side — in all, neaily three thousand species. 
Class— CEPHALOPODS. 
'I’he Molluscous animals, although having no 
creature lost two of its arms by amputation with 
skeleton — properly speaking, no backbone — yet 
a hatchet; a portion of one of these measured nine- 
outrank all others of tlie Invertebrate series by the 
teen feet in length, the total length of the arm being 
perfection of their circulating system, and the as- 
estimated at about thirty-five feet. Although this 
similating and reproductive organs. On this account 
specimen was estimated to be one third larger than 
they are fairly placed next succeeding the Verte- 
the one in Logie Bay, yet the large suckers or discs 
Irates. 'J'he Cephalopods are plainly the highest in 
were scarcely one twelfth largei’ than those of the 
organization, and naturally are arranged in front of 
latter. 'J’his feature is regarded as a good sexual 
the great class. Certain features, common to the 
distinction among Squids, the relative smallness ot 
higher animals, are noticeal)le in the more perfect ex- 
the discs indico.ting the female. 'I'he body of this 
ainples of the group. 'I’lie head is large, and sepa- 
individual was estimated to be ten feet long, and two 
rated from the body by a neck ; the eyes are very 
and a half feet in diameter; the arms thirty-two feet 
large and complex ; the ears are developed consider- 
long, and, allowing two feet for the head, the total 
ably ; and the mouth is armed, as in some Fishes, with 
length forty-four feet. In the same year another 
stout beaks. 'I’he Nautilus and Argonaut alone, of 
specimen, similar in dimensions to the last, was seen 
the living tribes, have external shells; the rest are 
drifting, tail first, in a heavy sea at Coombs’ Cove, 
termed naked Cephalopods because the shell is 
Newfoundland. Seizing hold of a rock it moored 
internal. 'I'he typical Cephalopods were well de- 
itself safely, and was then pulled ashore by some 
scribed by Aristotle, but it remained for Prof. Owen 
men. Verrill notes a specimen which he designates 
to determine certain facts regarding their internal 
Number Six, as having been cast ashore at Fortune 
organization. 'J’he ink or sepia, contained in a bag. 
Bay. 'I'his measured forty-two feet in length ; body 
is discharged for defensive purposes and is so inde- 
and head together, twelve to thirteen feet ; and the 
structible that it is often found in a fossil state con- 
two long arms thirty feet each. Another, captured 
nected with the shells. 'I’he skin of Cephalopods is 
in the Straits of Belle Isle, was fifty-two feet long; 
remarkable for its changeable nature ; the cells which 
the longest of the long arms thirty-seven feet ; and 
compose it are alternately closed and opened, by 
the body fifteen feet. All of these are referred to 
which the coloring matter is condensed or dispersed. 
the species Architeuthis monachus. Animals of this 
and a constant change ensues. Jieloni presents 
class never float upon the surface when alive or un- 
figures of several forms of tliis class under the names 
injured ; consequently, most of the specimens which 
Octopus, Lolligo, Sepia and Galamero, all which have 
have been taken were wounded, or already dead, and 
been retained in the modern nomenclature. Ronde- 
were helplessly drifting shoreward. 
let, also, has excellent figures of several. It has been 
THE GEEATER DEVIL-FISH (ArcMteutJiis prin- 
clearly demonstrated by Steenstrup, Harting and 
ceps, Verrill). — 'I’his prince of Mollusea, immortalized 
others, that several distinct species of gigantic ten- 
by the entertaining description of Victor Hugo in 
armed Squids inhabit the Atlantic waters; but 
The Toilers of the Sea, is also called Giant Squid and 
until lately their existence had not been credited by 
Giant Cuttle. Prof. Verrill considers this species 
naturalists. 'I’he occurrence in recent years of sev- 
as having a more elongated form of body than A. 
eral of these enormous creatures on our own shores 
monnchus. A specimen of Architeuthis, captured 
was, therefore, a surprise to some extent; and it is 
on the coast of Newfoundland in 1877, was preserved 
now ascertained that they have been fi'equently seen 
in alcohol, and exhibited in the New York Aquarium, 
aTid occasionally secured by fishermen on the coast 
where careful measurements proved it to be about 
of Newfoundland, who regard the flesh as valuable 
the same size as the others already noted, the body 
for dog’s meat. Prof. Verrill, in Am. Jour. Sci. and 
being ten feet, and the long tentacular arms thirty 
Arts, vol. vii, p. 158, cites twelve American exain- 
feet. On 2d November, 1878, at 'I’himble 'I'ickle, 
pies, portions of five of which he had been able to 
Newfoundland, not far from the shore, one of these 
study. 'I’he most complete specimen which has 
Giant Squids was seen by some fishermen. Its large 
come under scientific observation, was captured in 
glassy eyes peered at them, and its great syphon 
November, ] 873, in Logie Bay, Newfoundland, en- 
pumped the water vigorously, while at intervals the 
tangled in Herring-nets. About the same time 
ink was thrown out in great quantities. 'I'he monster 
another monster Cephu.lopod, in Conception Bay, at- 
was aground, and was soon secured by a grapnel ; 
tacked two men in their boat. In the encounter, the 
the tide receded, left the creature exposed, and death 
