CoNOHIFEEA. MO LLUSC Al. Brachiopod A. ccl xix 
Family PHILLOMYOIDyE are naked Mollusks, 
Family LINN.E1DyE frequent quiet or sluggish 
resembling Slugs or Liinaces, with one genus and 
streams and ponds. Many species glide along the 
two species. Auriculidoi is an amphibious tainily; 
surface of the water, shells downward, and let them- 
most species are found in salt or brackish water. Three 
selves down by means of a glutinous thread. There are 
genera are known, and as many species. 
six genera and twenty-five species in New England. 
Class — CONOHIFERA {Bivalves). 
In this great division the head is indistinct, and 
Family MAC'l’RADMil. — 'I'he Great Clam (.Mac- 
the mouth has elongate fleshy lips or palpi. The 
tra solidissima), so-called on the Massachusetts 
body is covered with a bi-lobed mantle, each lobe 
coast, is the designated representative of this family. 
protected by a shelly valve ; there are two lamellar 
Three genera and six species are known. Family 
gills on each side ; the foot is under the body. 
Kelliadce contains three genera. Family Gastrocfim- 
usually compressed and keeled. 'I’he individuals are 
nidce two genera. 'I'he Petricola, a burrowing shell. 
aquatic and bi-sexual. The more familiar examples 
is common on our beaches. Saxicava is found in- 
of this class are the Oyster and Clam. Though less 
habiting solid substances, in holes bored progressive- 
numerous in species, they are said to be more abun- 
ly as it grows. Family Tellinidcc has two genera 
dant individually. The habits of some are exceeding- 
and four species. Family contains several 
ly surprising and interesting ; the borers and burrow- 
rare forms, seldom seen ; two genera and three 
ers exhibiting most unexpected powers. The most 
species. Lucina radula was so rare at the time 
compact rock is not too hard for the Fholos to pene- 
Stimpson published his Shells of New England, he 
trate, and the Teredo forces its way through the 
regards it as important to record the finding of a 
hardest timber. A recent analysis has determined 
specimen alive after a storm. Family Gycladidce . — 
that acids, capable of softening the rock, are found 
'I'wo genera and sixteen species. Family Gyprinidm 
in the secretions of these boring Shell-flsh. 
contains the beautiful chestnut-colored and chestnut- 
Family PIIOLADIDvE. — T his family contains the 
shaped Astarte, nine species, and one of Gouldia. 
celebrated 'I'eredo, which proves so destructive to 
Another genus, Cyprina, has one species, the familiar 
ship timber. Six species are known in our waters. 
Round Clam of the more northern beaches, which is 
Three other genera are known, and four species. 
sometimes mistaken for the Yenus mercenaria. 'I’he 
Family SOLENID^ includes the Sword-shell 
epidermis distinguishes it. Family Veneridce. — Four 
(Solen ensis), and has six genera recorded. The 
genera and six species, including the notable Qnahog. 
Solemya velum of this family is an exquisitely-formed 
Venus mercenaria ; this shell is not found north of 
and colored shell, though of sober colors ; the rich 
Gape Cod during late years, excepting in a few very 
umber and chestnut epidermis veiled at the edges. 
circumscribed localities. Family Gardiadae has three 
It was always an eagerly-sought prize, being rare. 
genera and six species. Family Arcadw four genera 
Several others, as Panopea and Glycynieris are found 
and fifteen species ; many of them found only in 
in Fishes caught off Ceurge’s Banks. The pretty 
Fishes from deep water. Family Unionidm. — Fresh- 
Solecurtis, so common on our beaches, is here placed. 
water Mussels or Clams ; three genera are recorded 
Family MYAUJil. — Thu Glam par- excellence in 
and eleven species. Family Mytilidm. — Four genera 
New England, is the Mya arenaria, but as we go 
and nine species, including the familiar Mussel of 
farther south it is less esteemed, as well as not so 
oar harbors. Family Pectenidce. — 'I’hese are em- 
tender nor well flavored. Mya truncata is another 
braced in one genus and four species. 'I’he Scollop- 
species, but little known. 
shell (P. irradiaiis) is found abundantly about Cape 
Family CORBULID^E has two genera and two 
Cod. Some ten miles off Portland the Fish Com- 
species ; small and little known. Pandoridce has 
mission dredged a large number of P. ishindicus. 
one genus and one species ; a delicate, pearly shell ; 
Family OS'l'RElDH!]. — Although nearly last in 
found in Boston Harbor. Anatinidoe. — Four genera. 
rank, this is a very important family. Ostrea virgin- 
The beautifully-shaped Thracia conradi is of them — 
iana is the Common Oyster of Chesapeake Bay. It 
a rare shell, seldom found alive. We have a specimen 
is occasionally found in the vicinity of Boston, and at 
which had a portion of the animal adhering, the first 
the mouth of the St. Lawrence River. Several spe- 
one known to have been procured in that state. 
cies are enumerated, but it is believed they are one. 
Class— BRACHIOPOD A. 
'I'he animal of this group has cirrated arms or 
but few species living at the present day, but they 
oval appendages, which are free or united by mem- 
are found fossil in great abundance. 
brane, sometimes supported by calcareous processes. 
Family 'I'EREBRATULlDMil. — 'I'here is but one 
'j'he class takes its name from the long fringed organs 
genus, with one species, belonging to this family. 
which are attached near the mouth, and are regarded 
Family Bhynchotiellidm. — 'I’wo genera and two species 
as designed to bring food to the mouth. There are 
are known. 
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