Msbiopoda. RADIATA. Crttstacea. eclxxv 
have a Ibniiidable weapon in the poison fangs or 
body was pieiced through and through repeatedly. 
claws, tlie two foremost ones being provided with 
See vol. ii, p. 277, fig. 178. 
tubes whicli lead to a gland at tlie base. A sudden 
blow from the fangs forces out the poison, and it is 
Order HI.— MTRIOFOBA. 
conveyed into the wound through the minute open- 
In this order the body is cylindrical, worm-like ; 
ing at the end. Madame Merian, in lier book on 
the segments are not grouped into regions, except in 
the Insects a/” /S’wriwa??!, furnishes a description of the 
the recently hatched young. 'I'he head is free, the 
great iMygale avicularia of South America, intro- 
eyes are simple, and there are antennse, but no wings. 
ducing a figure of the creature in the act of eating 
'I'he yelk-sac is present for a short time after hatch- 
a young Humming-bird. It sallies forth at night, 
ing, and there is no metamorphosis. 'I'he dreaded Cen- 
seldom making its appearance by day. Its muscular 
tipede is the type. Several smaller species, entirely 
force is exceedingly great, and it is particularly dif- 
harmless, are found in the Northern States. 'I'he 
ficult to make it let go objects which it has seized. 
former is common in Florida and the Gulf States, 
A 'I'ree Liza,rd is a common kind of prey for it; 
and is poisonous in the same degree as a Wasp. 
when liolding one of these it exhibited so much ob- 
'I'he Bar-wig (Lithobius americanus) is allied to the 
stinacy as to retain its grip, notwithstanding its 
Centipede (Scolopendra). 
CRUSTACEA. 
The Crustaceans are usually divided 'n\io Decapods, 
comes domesticated. One came to be familiar to our 
Tctfadecapods, Entomostracans (including Girrqyeds) 
office in Fort Jefferson, Tortugas, and regularly en- 
aiid Rotifers, and include all articulated animals 
tered, and climbed the corner post of a book-case to 
which have the head and thorax merged in one; hence 
sip water from a dish, carrying with him his heavy 
the term ceplialothorax, used to distinguish this union 
adopted shell (a large 'I'rochus). This individual was 
of parts. 
sent to New England, where it lived a year, moulting 
Deeapoda. — 'I’his order of ten-footed Crustaceans 
its own shell twice, always retaining its borrowed one. 
is the highest in development, and is divided into 
It became so far tamed that it fed from the hand. 
three sub-orders, viz : BracTiyurans, Anomurans, 
In a List of Crustacea of the Southern Coast of 
Macrurans ajid Gastrurans. The first of these is 
New England, prepared by S. J. Smith and P. Har- 
represented by the Fiddi.er Crab (Gelasimus vocans) 
ger, three species of Gelasimus are recorded, and in 
and the American Kdible Crab (Lupa dicantha). 
fifteen other genera nineteen species are enumerated, 
'I'he latter is found along the whole coast. It moults 
belonging to this sub-order. In Macroura nine 
once a year, during which time, the new shell being 
genera and nine species are recorded, which includes 
exceedingly tender, great numbers are sold as “ Soft- 
the American Lobster (Homarus americanus), Cray- 
shell Crabs,” and are much esteemed as food. Some 
fishes. Shrimps and Prawns. Sguilloidea includes 
species are provided with swimming oar-shaped feet. 
one gen.us and one species; Mysidea, i\\ve& genera 
and live mostly on the ocean, upon sea-weeds. 
and four species ; Cumacea, two genera and five sj)e- 
'I'lie Anomurans include the curious Hermit Crabs, 
cies ; Amphiopoda emhrac&s twenty-nine genera and 
with abdomen unprotected by a hard covering. 'I'liey 
forty-two species ; Isopoda has fifteen genera and 
adopt the shells of dead Mollusks. On the Florida 
twenty-two species. 
Reef we have met with a marine species so large that 
Entomostraca. — In this group there are enumerated 
it required the shell of the 'I'riton, or the great Horse- 
twenty-one genera and thirty-nine species. 'I'he fami- 
conch. A large Land Hermit, which occupies a shell 
liar Horse-shoe Crab is of this order. Annelida 
about the size of a man’s hand, is of a bright-red color. 
and Scolecida have large numbers recorded. 'I'he 
with stout arms which effectually fill the entrance to 
species will be found described in U. S. Com. Report 
its castle, burrows under houses like a rat, and be- 
on Fisheries for 1871-2. 
RADIATA. 
In many of the representatives of tliis the last of 
'I'he latter classification has been adopted by many 
the four great primaiy groups, into which Baron 
naturalists, especially those of Prance and America. 
Cuvier divided the Animal Kingdom, the plan is of 
Radiates are all aquatic, and, with few exceptions. 
the radiate character; and hence the selection of the 
marine; and constitute the lowest branch of the An- 
term Radiata — radiated animals. Five classes were 
imal Kingdom. It is estimated that there are at 
recognized, viz : 1. Echinoderms ; 2. Entozoaas; 3. 
least ten thousand species living, besides an unnum- 
Acaleplis; 4. Polyps (including Polyzoa); 5. Infuso- 
bered multitude of extinct and fossil forms. 'I'he 
rians. 'I'he latter class has since been separated by 
vast numbers of invertebrate forms which are crowd- 
reason of incongruity with the remaining Radiates, 
ed in the various geological formations of our own 
and H. Milne Edwards suggested that the Polyzoaris 
country alone, as exhibited in the great Geological 
and Gephyreans,VL\^o,\ni removed, and that the groiq) 
Hall of the American Museum, New York, impress 
be arranged thus: Echinoderms, Acaleplis axA Polyps. 
the mind with surprise. 
