Bimana.- 
-MAMMALIA.- 
-Bimana. 
continent we find the coast occupied by the Esquimaux 
or Eskimo, as they are now frequently termed, which 
are also regarded as belonging to the great Mongolian 
variety. These people are remarkable from the fact of 
their extending from the Asiatic station just mentioned, 
through the Aleutian Islands to the continent of North 
America, all the Arctic shores of which, including 
those of Greenland and Labrador, are peopled by 
Esquimaux tribes. It is by their means, therefore, that 
the ethnological connection between the old and new 
continents has been established; and it seems not 
improbable that, in the lapse of ages, all the varied 
tribes of American Indians may have been derived from 
Esquimaux progenitors. These tribes are, however, con- 
sidered to form a distinct variety of the human species. 
3. Americans. — The skin in these races is usually 
of a reddish clay colour, sometimes copper colour, hut 
becoming brown or blackish in the hot tropical plains. 
The hair is long, straight, and usually coarse ; the 63^68 
are generally small, but not narrow and oblique as in 
the Mongolians ; and the nose is large, high, and often 
well formed. The forehead is retreating, and the cheek- 
bones prominent. In its geographical distribution the 
Fig. 3. 
ing characters of resemblance, both in their physical 
conformation and in the structure of their languages. 
They are for the most part in an uncivilized condition, 
although, as is well known, the Mexicans and Peruvians 
had attained to a high state of cultivation before the 
discovery of the New World. 
4 . Malayans. — The Malayan races, which are also 
called Oceanic by Dr. Latham, are usually of a yellowish- 
brown complexion, bnt their colour varies in intensity 
from a light brownish-yellow to nearly black. Their 
hair is alwa}"S black, usually straight, but frequently 
more or less curled ; they have generally a high fore- 
head ; narrow, but not oblique eyes ; and a broad but 
not flattened nose. In the general physiognomy we 
often find an approach to the Mongolian races, some of 
which are, in fact, the nearest neighbours of the Jlala}^- 
ans ; but in some instances the expression of the face, 
and even the nature of the hair, present so much simi- 
larity to the Negroes, that the populations thus charac- 
terized have occasionally been referred to the negro 
type. The Mala3mn races Include the inhabitants of 
the peninsula of Malacca, and of the eastern Archi- 
pelago, togethei' with those of the Pacific Islands, New 
Fig. 4. 
American Indian. 
American variety presents a remarkable peculiarity. 
The other races appear to be more or less limited in 
their natural extension by degrees of latitude, that is to 
say, their tribes spread for the most part in an east and 
west direction, so as to preserve, within certain limits, 
a similarity of climate. The American man, on the 
contrary, has spread in the opposite direction, or from 
north to south, so that nearly from the Arctic circle to 
tlie southern extremity of Patagonia, over a space of 
about one hundred degrees of latitude, the aborigines of 
America all belong to the same .stock and exhibit strik- 
Malay. 
Guinea, Australia, and New Zealand. The natives of 
Madagascar are also Malayans. In the Negritos of 
Sumatra, Mindanao, and the New Hebrides, the 
negro characters make their appearance in a remark- 
able manner, as also in the Papuas of New Guinea and 
some of the neighbouring islands, in which the hair is 
of great length and strongly frizzled, standing out from 
the head on all sides, so as to present the appearance of 
an enormous. wig. 
5 . Ethiopians. — The races commonl}^ but incor- 
rect]3q called Ethiopians, have the skin of various dark 
