The Monkeys. MAMMALIA. The Gdereza. 
The kalian is only known to inhabit the great island 
o'" Borneo, where the Dyaks assert that these monkeys 
are men who have retired into the woods to escape 
taxation. How they subsequently became ornamented 
with tails does not appear. The species is also said to 
occur in Sumatra, the peninsula of Malacca, and Cochin 
China. From the statement of M. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 
— that the ambassadors sent by Tippoo Sahib to Paris, 
just before the French revolution of 1789, recognized 
the stuffed specimen in the museum there as an animal 
of their country to which they ascribed a high, moral, 
and intellectual character — it would appear, also, that 
this, or a similar species, should occur in Hindostan 
proper. None of these localities, however, rest upon 
any sufficient testimony ; and in the case of Tippoo’s 
ambassadors, it seems probable that they may either 
have seen specimens brought as captives from the far 
east, or that they may have confounded this monkey 
with the hoonuman. 
THE GUEREZA {Colohus Gnereza ). — Although the 
majority of the African monkeys belong to a group 
presenting well-marked differences from the Indian 
species above described, there are, nevertheless, some 
of them which exhibit a close resemblance to the 
Semnopitheci, both in structure, character, and mode 
of life, and may be regarded as the African representa- 
tives of the Asiatic group which has hitherto occupied 
our attention. The stomach has the same sacculated 
structure ; the dentition is identical, and the molar teeth 
are found to be worn down by use, indicating that the 
creatures live upon the leaves and buds of trees, rather 
than upon fruits ; the cheek-pouches are wanting, 
the body and limbs are slender, and the tail long. 
The Colobi are, however, distinguished from their 
Indian relatives, and, indeed, from all other monkeys 
of the Old World, by a most important character, 
namely, the total absence or rudimentary condition of 
tlie thumbs on the anterior members; in most cases 
the metacarpal bone of the thumb is alone present, and 
in those species in which this is followed by a single 
small joint, the only external indication of a thumb is a 
mere tubercle, of not the least service in prehension. 
The guereza is the only species of this group upon 
whose habits we have any information. It is about 
the size of a cat, and of a deep black colour, with the 
cheeks, throat, and sides of the neck white, and with a 
large quantity of long white hairs, growing from the 
shoulders, sides, and rump, and hanging down in such 
a manner as to conceal the whole lower part of the 
body. The extremity of the tail is, in like manner, 
concealed by long white hairs. 
This beautiful monkey, which is a native of Abys- 
sinia, was mentioned by the old traveller Ludolf, who 
supposes it to have been the Callithrix of the ancients, 
a conjecture which seems very probable from the 
description of that animal given by Pliny. Ludolf 
sa 3 's that it is called Foulces in Ethiopic, and Guereza 
in the Amharic dialect, and these two names are given 
with some variation by later travellers. 
Dr. Kuppell, who first accurately described the 
guereza, informs us that it resides in small families in 
the loftiest trees, and usually in the neighbourhood of 
some stream. It is restless and lively in its habits, 
but not noisy; its food consists of wild fniits, seeds, 
and insects; and, unlike the ordinary monkeys, it never 
commits any depredations upon the cultivated grounds. 
In allusion to its harmless nature, and to the constant 
persecution to which it is subject, for a reason which 
will be hereafter mentioned, Ludolf saj^s that a curious 
rhyme is current in some parts of Abyssinia, which 
may be translated as follows : — 
“ I give no man pain — • 
I eat no man’s grain — 
They hate me in vain ! ” 
The same traveller notices the tenderness of constitu- 
tion of this monkey, which is confirmed by other 
observers, from whose narratives it would appear that 
the guereza will not endure confinement, but pines to 
death in captivity in the course of a few days. 
The fur of this animal is much prized in Abyssinia 
on account of its beauty ; and in the provinces of 
Damot and Gojam, where the guerezas abound, they 
are destroj^ed in great numbers for the sake of their 
skins, which, according to Dr. Kuppell, fetch as much 
as five shillings each in the market of Gondar. Mr. 
Salt places the value rather lower, saying that they 
sell for about half a dollar. They are chiefly employed 
in ornamenting the shields of the native soldiers ; and 
the distinguished traveller last quoted, states that every 
man in Tigrd wears a piece of this skin as an ornament 
on his shield. The skins are also sometimes sewn 
together, when they form a beautiful covering for a 
couch, but their cost prevents their being put to this 
use by any but the chiefs. 
Several other monkeys of this genus are found in the 
tropical regions of Africa, especially on the western 
coast, whence the skins of some long-haired black 
species are imported into Europe, and used in the 
manufacture of muffs. There is much uncertainty as 
to the number of species, about half a dozen having 
been described, which are considered by some authors 
as simple varieties of one or two. This is owing in a 
great measure to the imperfect condition of the skins 
which reach this country. They are highly prized by 
the Negroes, who make caps of them, and will pay from 
twenty to thirty shillings apiece for them ; and as it is 
only the skin of the body that is valuable as a fur, the 
hunters never take the trouble of skinning the head and 
legs. 
The great majority of the African monkeys belong 
to the group called Guenons by French authors, forming 
the genus Cercopitiiecus of zoologists. These mon- 
keys have the face somewhat produced into a muzzle, 
but rounded at the extremity; cheek-pouches are 
always present; the ej'es are prominent, not shaded 
by projecting eyebrows; and the tail is long, usually 
longer than the body. They are distinguished from a 
nearly-allied group — that of the Macaques^ all the 
species of which are inhabitants of tropical Asia — bj' 
the last molar in the lower jaw having only four 
tubercles on its surface ; whilst in all the remaining 
monkeys and in the baboons, this molar exhibits one 
or two additional small tubercles at its posterior por- 
tion. In all these monkeys the canines of the upper 
jaw are greatly developed, especiaKy in the males, in 
