32 Quadrumana. MAMMALIA. Simiau.*;. 
with the inhabitants, who often keep specimens in their 
houses. The grivet was also well known to the ancient 
Egyptians, and is often represented on their monuments. 
THE PATAS {Cercopithecus Ruher), an inhabitant of 
Senegal on the west coast of Africa, is one of the 
monkeys most commonly imported into Europe. It is 
about the size of the callithrix, and of a general reddish 
fawn colour, with the lower part of the body and the 
inner surface of the limbs pale grey. Across the fore- 
head there is a blackish band, and the extremity of the 
nose is covered with very short black hairs. In con- 
finement the patas resembles the two preceding species 
in its character, being very lively and playful, but at 
the same time so capricious in its temper that any 
approach to familiarity with it is attended with danger. 
In a state of nature, according to the old French 
traveller Brue, the patas possesses a great share of 
curiosity, coming down from the tops of the trees to 
the lower branches to examine the boats passing 
beneath them ; but when the first novelty wore off, the 
monkeys, says he, “ became more confident, and began 
to pelt us with rotten branches and other missiles, not 
always of the most delicate description.” This compli- 
ment being returned by the sailors with their guns, by 
which some of the monkeys were killed and others 
wounded, they did not allow themselves at first to be 
intimidated, but renewed the assault with great deter- 
mination, until finally perceiving that the odds were 
against them, they scampered nimbly out of range of 
the guns, and afterwards contemplated the boats from 
a safer distance. 
THE NISNAS ((7. Pyrrhonotus), is a species very 
nearly allied to the patas, with which it was formerly 
confounded. It is, however, a stouter animal, and 
presents several distinctive characters, especially the 
whiteness of a portion of the nose. The nisnas is a 
native of Abyssinia and Nubia; it was well known to 
the ancient Egyptians, and is often represented in their 
sculptures. It is also supposed to be the cebus of the 
Greek writers on natural history. 
The group of the Macaques, already referred to as 
distinguished from the Cercopitheci by the presence of 
an additional (fifth) tubercle on the hindmost molar 
teeth in the lower jaw, nevertheless presents a close 
resemblance to the preceding group in its general 
characters. In fact, the characters of the species of 
these groups shade so gradually into each other — the 
Cercopitheci becoming insensibly macaque-like, and the 
macaques baboon-like in their general structure — that 
some writers have proposed the abolition of the group of 
the macaques altogether, by uniting the more monkey- 
like macaques with the Cercopitheci, and the more 
baboon-like species with the baboons. At the same 
time, as the macaques, with but two or three excep- 
tions, are all inhabitants of Asia, where they well 
represent both the Cercopitheci and baboons of Africa, 
it seems desirable to retain the group on account of its 
convenience in regard to zoological geography. 
The macaques are, in general, of a more robust form 
than the other monkeys ; the muzzle is prominent, but 
rounded off at the extremity, and the tail is very 
variable in length, being sometimes as long as in many 
Cercopitheci, sometimes reduced to a mere tubercle, 
and in two species altogether wanting. In their general 
habits they resemble the Cercopitheci, but their evil 
passions acquire a strength proportioned to their usually 
larger size and greater physical power ; and although 
t hey are less disgusting and ferocious than the baboons, 
they are far more so than the other monkeys. 
THE SOOTY MANGABEY, or White-eyelid Mon- 
key {CercocebusFuliginosus), We have already stated, 
that although the macaques are strictly speaking an 
Asiatic group, they have a few representatives else- 
where. Amongst these are the mangabeys or white- 
eyelid monkeys which inhabit Africa, and most closely 
resemble the common monkeys of that continent in 
their general form, in the length of the tail, and in 
their habits. The mangabeys are, however, distin- 
guished from the ordinary monkeys and from the other 
macaques, by a peculiarity in the structure of the 
hands — all the fingers both of the fore and hind hands 
being united by webs which extend at least as far as 
the first joint, whilst between the first and second fin- 
gers of the hinder hands, the web reaches nearly to the 
tip. They are also characterized by the dead white 
colour of the upper eyelids, which gives them a singular 
aspect when brought into view by those perpetual 
Winkings in which all monkeys are fond of indulging. 
The sooty mangabey, which is the commonest spe- 
cies, is of a sooty grey colour on all the upper parts of 
the body, the tail and the outer surface of the limbs ; 
the chin and throat, and the lower parts of the body 
are brownish ash colour. This monkey is a native 
of the west coast of Africa, but nothing is known of its 
habits in a state of nature. In captivity it is familiar 
and gentle, exceedingly active and full of grimace, 
throwing itself into such ludicrous attitudes that, as 
M. F. Cuvier observes, “it might be supposed to be 
provided with a greater number of joints than other 
monkeys,” or tumbling and dancing in an absurd fashion 
to attract the attention of the visitors, from whom it 
hopes to obtain a reward for its agility. Mr. Ogilbj' 
mentions that a “ specimen in the menagerie of the 
Zoological Society was very fond of being caressed, and 
would examine the hands of his friends with the great- 
est gentleness and gravity, trying to pick out the little 
hairs, and all the while expressing his satisfaction by 
smacking his lips, and uttering a low suppressed grunt.” 
This habit appears to be a favourite one with the spe- 
cies, as many specimens exhibit it. 
Two other species of these monkeys are known — the 
Collared Mangabey {Cercocebus Collaris), and the 
White-crowned Mangabey {C. JEihiops) ; they 
are both said to inhabit the west coast of Africa. 
THE BONNET MONKEY {Macacus Sinicus), the 
Toque of some authors, was called the Bonnet Chinois 
by Buffon, from an erroneous notion that it was a native 
of China; it is now known to come from the Malabar and 
Coromandel coasts, and probably inhabits the whole 
southern extremity of the peninsula of Hindostan. It 
also lives in a wild state in the Mauritius, but has been 
introduced into that island since its occupation by 
Europeans. 
The bonnet monkey is a species frequently brought 
to Europe for exhibitiori ; it is about the size of a large 
