34 Qcadrumana. MAMMALIA. Simiad/e. 
ascend the Himalayas nearly to the region of perpetual 
snow. According to Father Vincent Maria, a Carmelite 
monk, this monkey would appear to occupy quite an 
aristocratic position amongst the other quadrumanous 
inhabitants of thp Malabar coast. The old missionary 
tells us that “ the other monkeys pay such profound 
respect to this species, that they humiliate themselves 
before him, as if capable of appreciating his superiority 
and pre-eminence,” and the magnificence of his wig 
seems even to produce an impression on the human 
inhabitants of Malabar, for the worthy father adds, that 
“ the princes and great lords hold him in much esti- 
mation, because he is endowed above every other with 
gravity, capacity, and the appearance of wisdom. He 
is easily trained to the performance of a variety of 
ceremonies, grimaces, and affected courtesies, all which 
he accomplishes in so serious a manner, and to such 
perfection, that it is a most wonderful thing to see 
them acted with so much exactness by an irrational 
animal.” Mr. Ogilby is probably in the right when he 
attributes the submission of the other monkeys to the 
wanderoo, rather to his physical than to his moral 
superioritj’’, and the behaviour of several specimens 
which have from time to time been exhibited in this 
country has proved that the wanderoo is not superior 
to his congeners in sagacity. Robert Knox, another 
old traveller, tells us, that in Ceylon this monkey does 
little mischief, but lives in the woods, feeding on the 
leaves and buds of trees. 
THE BRUH {Macacus Nemestrinus), described by 
Buffon under the name of the Alainwn, is of a more 
robust form than the wanderoo, and has the tail much 
shorter, slender, nearly naked, and slightly curled, which 
lias given origin to the name of the Pig-tailed Monkey, 
originally applied to this species by Edwards. The 
bruh is of a blackish-brown colour on the back, becom- 
ing lighter beneath and on the limbs ; its face is flesh- 
coloured. It is an inhabitant of Sumatra and Borneo, 
and is described as being more docile and intelligent 
than its nearest allies ; but this amiability of character 
would seem to disappear with age, although even old 
specimens are said to exhibit less ferocity and sul- 
lonness than the other large macaques. According to 
Sir Stamford Raffles, the natives of Sumatra are fond 
of domesticating the bruh, whose docility they turn to 
good account. They train it to climb the cocoa-nut 
trees for the purpose of picking the fruit, and it is said 
to show great discrimination in selecting the ripe nuts, 
of which, moreover, it picks no more than its master 
requires. 
THE BHTJNDER {Macams Rhesus) is a species very 
nearly related to the bruh, with which it was indeed 
confounded by Cuvier. It is, however, furnished with 
a rather longer tail ; and this appendage, instead of 
being slender and naked, is thick and well covered with 
hair; the upper surface of the body is of a greenish- 
grey colour, the individual hairs being annulated with 
light dun and dark brown ; the lower surface and the 
inside of the limbs are light grey, and the callosities 
are bright red. The skin is remarkably loose and 
flaccid, hanging in folds even in the young animals; 
and this peculiarity, which occurs, although to a some- 
what less extent, also in the bruh, enables these mon- 
keys to be fattened to such a degree as to exhibit an 
enormous corpulence. 
The bhunder is a native of continental India, where 
it occurs abundantly in Bengal, and is also found in 
Assam, Nepal, and Simla. The hoonuman is the only 
other monkey which lives in these provinces, and the 
bhunder appears to share with this sacred species in 
the respect of the natives. Captain Williamson tells 
us that in many places revenues are allotted for feeding 
whole tribes of bhunders under the charge of a fakeer, 
or other mendicant priest, who ekes out the regular 
revenues attached to his office by charitable contribu- 
tions levied upon travellers principally bj^ the mon- 
keys, who show themselves most accomplished beggars. 
They never molest' any one, unless some cause of 
offence is given ; but then they bite severely, and a 
trifling circumstance may produce the necessary irrita- 
tion. Mr. Johnson also confirms these statements, and 
mentions that at a place called Bindrabun, “ more than 
a hundred gardens are well cultivated with all kinds 
of fruit, solely for the support of these animals, which 
are kept and maintained by religious endowments from 
rich natives.” The same writer tells us on good 
authority, “ that in the district of Cooch Behar, a very 
large tract of land is actually considered by the inha- 
bitants to belong to a tribe of monkeys which inhabit 
the neighbouring hills, and when the natives cut their 
different kinds of grain, they always leave about a tenth 
part piled in heaps for the monkeys. As soon as their 
portion is marked out, they come down from the hills 
in a large body and carry off all that is allotted for 
them, stowing it under and between the rocks in such 
a manner as to prevent vermin from destroying it. On 
this grain they chiefly live ; and the natives assert that 
if they were not to have their due proportion, in ano- 
ther year they would not allow a single grain to become 
ripe, but would destroy it while green. It does not 
appear whether this singular and primitive payment of 
tithes has been settled b}’ mutual agreement between 
the natives and the monkeys ; but in other places, 
w'here no such arrangement is described as existing, the 
monkeys come freely in search of their dues into the 
houses, and carry off whatever they prefer with perfect 
impunity. In fact, the destruction of one of these 
animals is looked upon as a heinous crime by the Hin- 
doos ; and the writer last quoted mentions that two 
young officers who had shot at a bhunder, were pelted 
with sticks and other missiles by the fakeers and other 
Inhabitants of Bindrabun, where the supposed outrage 
took place, until the elephant on which tliej' rode was 
driven into the river, where both the young men, as 
well as the driver of the elephant, were drowned. 
Nevertheless, the respect thus manifested for the moi.- 
keys does not prevent the jugglers who swarm in India 
from teaching these animals numerous tricks ; and, 
according to Captain Williamson, “ it is very diverting 
to see these little mimics counterfeiting the gait and 
motions of various professions, and especially corrobo- 
rating by their actions the deluge of flattery which the 
jugglers pour forth in praise of everything relating to 
the English character. Their antics are so excellently 
just on these occasions, that many human profes- 
sors of the mimic art might, without the smallest 
