Qoaurumana. MAMMALIA. Simiad.®. 
sixth century of the Christian era, mentions man-like 
apes inhabiting Cor.sica. In the absence of all positive 
evidence, one way or the other, we can only suppose 
that the magot, with the other African forms of ani- 
mals ^v’hich occur with him in Southern Europe, may 
have extended his range into the latter region at a 
period when the two continents were united. Even 
then it would be curious that the European represen- 
tatives of the species should confine themselves to a 
bare rock at the most southern point of the peninsula, 
as if anxious still to be witliin sight of the shores which 
undoubtedly constitute their true home, but from which 
they are for ever excluded. This, however, may per- 
haps be explicable upon the supposition, that important 
changes of climate may have taken place in Spain since 
the disruption of the continents at the Pillars of Her- 
cules. 
The group of the Baboons at which we now arrive, 
and which closes the series of Old World monkeys, 
resembles the macaques in most of its characters, dif- 
fering principally in the form of the face, which, in the 
baboons, is produced into a snout and more or less 
truncated, or, as it were, cut off at the extremity. They 
have small e3ms, placed closer together than in any 
of the preceding groups of monke3's; the hindmost 
molars in the lower jaw are furnished with one or two 
accessory tubercles as in the macaques ; and the 
tail, which is usually short, is placed very high up on 
the rump. 
The baboons are all of considerable size, larger than 
the other moidceys, but usually smaller than the true 
apes. They are of a roburt form, with stout powerful 
limbs, upon which they usually go upon all fours ; they 
are, in fact, the most animal of the Simiadae. Their 
jaws are enormously powerful, and armed with immense 
canine teeth, with which they are able to inflict very 
severe wounds upon their adversaries. They usually 
take up their abode amongst the rocks, and are con- 
fined to the African continent, in all pai'ts of which some 
species are found. One species also occurs in Arabia. 
They are ferocious and disgusting in their habits, and 
during the breeding season the posterior callosities, 
which are of large size and generally of a bright red 
colour, become so turgid and conspicuous, as to give 
the creatures a most repulsive aspect. In confinement, 
even the females seem to delight in exposing these 
disgusting features to the gaze of the spectators, whilst 
the males usually exhibit the lasciviousness of their 
nature in such an odious light, that they can rarely be 
exposed freely to the public. In many cases they have 
been known to notice women amongst the spectators 
before their cages, sometimes even selecting the young- 
e.st and handsomest for this questionable compliment, 
and evincing their preference by unmistakeable ges- 
tures ; so that there can be little doubt, that had they 
the opportunity, the3'’ would resort to violence for the 
gratification of their passions. 
THE MANDRILL {Papio Mormon), Plate 2 , fig. 4 . 
The mandrill, the largest and most powerful of the 
baboons, belongs to a genus in which the tail is very 
short, fo- ming a small naked process which stands up 
perpendicularly to the spinal column. The head of 
this baboon is of large size, a circumstance which is 
due principally to the enormous development of the 
facial bones ; in the males, especiall3q these bones form 
a long muzzle, on the sides of which are a pair of large 
bony protuberances ; the upper canines are of immense 
size ; the lower jaw is enormously powerful and armed 
with sharp canine teeth ; the surface of the skull exhi- 
bits strong ridges for the attachment of the muscles ; 
and no one who looks at the entire skull of a mandrill, 
can doubt for a moment that the creature possessing 
such formidable weapons and such powerful means of 
setting them in motion, would be as terrible an anta- 
gonist as almost any beast of pre3\ 
The adult male sometimes attains a height of upwards 
of five feet when standing upright. The general colour 
of the fur on the back and sides is a light olive-brown, 
and on the lower parts of the body a silvery grey. On 
the forehead and crown of the head the hair is directed 
upwards, giving a curious apipearance to the head ; the 
face is naked, and the protuberant sides of the nose 
are strongly ridged and marked with bright red, light 
blue, and purple. The callosities are large, and of a 
bright red colour. In the females and young males, 
the muzzle is shorter and less protuberant than in the 
old males, and of a uniform blue colour. 
The native country of this formidable animal is the 
western coast of Africa, especially in the district of 
Guinea, where it appears to have been often confounded 
with the chimpanzee in the stories related by the 
Negroes to travellers. It is known to the natives of 
different districts by a variety of names, amongst which 
Smitten, Chorus, Boggo, and Barris are recorded by 
authors ; the latter name is the one given to the gorilla 
by De Laval (see p. 17 ), and we have already stated 
that the name of Drill, now commonly applied to the 
following species, and which evidently forms part of 
the name under which the present animal is known, 
really belongs to the chimpanzee. Considering the 
vicious character of the mandrill, we may, perhaps, 
suppose that many of the narratives of travellers, with 
regard to women being carried off into the woods by 
moidceys, apply rather to this species than to the chim- 
panzee, although both of them are charged with this 
crime. The mandrills are also described as associating 
in large troops, and driving away other wild animals, 
including even the elephants, from the districts of the 
forest in which they choose to take up their quarters, 
whilst their human neighbours are afraid to pass through 
the woods in which they reside, except in large com- 
panies and well armed. In a state of nature the 
mandrills live principally upon fruits, although, like 
the other baboons, they doubtless often devour small 
animals, and the3' are said sometimes to make a descent 
upon the negro villages, and plunder them of eveiy- 
thing eatable. In captivity they eat almost anything, 
and usually acquire a strong taste for intoxicating 
liquors. A fine specimen which was exhibited many 
years ago at Exeter Change, and which had retained 
his youthful tractability to a later period than is usual 
with the male baboons, was in the habit of drinking 
his pot of porter daily, accompanying this indulgence 
with a pipe, which he smoked with great gravit3'. 
