38 Quadrumana. MAMMALIA. Cebid.e. 
are to be weighed. Ehrenberg thinks, with some pro- 
bability, that the singular head-dress which is so 
Family II. — CEBID.®, 
frequently represented on Egyptian monuments, was 
The first and most important of these families is that 
an imitation of the remarkable hairy covering of this 
of the Cebidse, which is at once distinguished from all the 
saci ed monkey. 
other monkeys by a most important character, namel}'. 
THE COMMON BABOON {Cynocephalus Papio), the 
the presence of four additional molars — there being six of 
last species to which we shall refer, is a native of the 
these teeth in each side of each jaw; so that, the number 
western coast of Africa, where it appears to be exceed- 
and distribution of the other teeth remaining the same. 
i 
ingly abundant. Of all the baboons it is the one which 
there are in all thirty-six teeth in this family', whilst 
1 
is most frequently brought to this country, and its good 
the rest of the monkeys have only thirty-two. From 
1 
temper, familiarity, and curious habits when young, 
the second family of American monkeys the Cebidse 
render it a great favourite with the visitors to mena- 
further differ in having the fingers all furnished with 
geries. As it increases in age, however, it acquires the 
flat nails. With but one or two exceptions they have 
same repulsive habits as its allies, although perhaps in 
very long tails, and in most cases these organs are pre- 
a somewhat less degree, and in some cases the adult 
hensile at the tip, so that these creatures are, as it 
males have been known to retain much of their youth- 
were, provided with a fifth hand, which is of the greatest 
fill docilit 3 ^ It also exhibits great intelligence. 
service to them in their rapid and agile movements 
The general colour of this baboon is reddish-brown ; 
amongst the branches of the trees. 
the whiskers are light fawn colour; the face nearly black. 
THE BED HOWLING MONKEY {Mycetes Seniculus), 
and the callosities reddish-violet. It is one of those 
Plate 2, fig. 5. The Howlers, or howling monkeys 
Siiniad® which support the climate of Europe with 
{Mycetes), are the largest and most robust of the 
least inconvenience, and it has frequently bred in our 
American monkeys, appearing in some respects to 
menageries. The adults, and even the males, exhibit 
represent in the New Continent the orangs and chim- 
much attachment to the young animals, nursing them 
panzees of the Old World. Their jaws ai'e large 
with great tenderness whilst they are very young, and 
and powerful, and armed with strong teeth, the struc- 
treating them afterwards with far more kindness than 
ture of which indicates their food to be principally of a 
is usually shown by monkeys in captivity towards their 
vegetable nature. Their colours are usually reddish 
offspring. 
or brown, and they are furnished with a long and well- 
furred tail, which has the tip naked on the lower sur- 
face, and is strongly prehensile. 
With the baboons we terminate the long series of 
The most remarkable peculiarity of these animals. 
interesting species which constitute the family Simiadce, 
and the one to which their name of howlers refers, 
and at the same time the first section of the great tribe 
consists in the fearful noise which they produce every 
of SiMi.tE or monkeys. In these, as already stated 
morning and evening, and often during the night. 
(p. 14), the nostrils are placed close together and 
which, according to Humboldt and Azara, may be 
separated only by a narrow partition ; whilst in the 
heard at a distance of more than a mile. Azara com- 
second section of the Simiae the nose is broad and flat 
pares the noise “ to the creaking of a great number of 
and the nostrils separated by a wide interval. We 
ungreased carts;” and Waterton states that, on hearing 
have already adverted to the remarkable zoological 
the howlers in the primaeval forests of Guiana, “ you 
distribution of these two nearly-related groups of 
would suppose that half the wild beasts of the forest 
animals; the first section, CatarrMne, being restricted 
were collecting for the work of carnage ; now it is the 
to the eastern hemisphere, while the Platyrrhine, or 
tremendous roar of the jaguar, as he springs on his 
Flat-nosed monkeys are as exclusively confined to the 
prey; nowit changes to his deep-toned growlings, as 
New World. In the Old World, as we have seen, the 
he is pressed on all sides by superior force ; and now 
monkeys are almost exclusively inhabitants of tropical 
you hear his last dying moan beneath a mortal wound.” 
regions, and this is still more decidedly the case in 
It is still a question whether these terrible bowlings 
America, where these animals are confined to the 
are produced by a single monkey at a time, or by a 
forests of the hottest parts of the southern continent. 
general chorus of a whole tribe ; but the Indians fully 
Although the species of American monkeys are 
believe that one of the number commences the concert. 
exceedingly numerous, they present no such variety of 
Marcgrave, in his “ Natural History of Brazil,” pub- 
form and habits as their eastern brethren, and we shall 
fished in 1648, gives us, evidently from the reports of 
therefore be able, by selecting a few of the more strik- 
the Indians, a very circumstantial account of the pro- 
ing species, to give the reader a good idea of the whole 
ceedings of the howlers. He says that every morning 
group. They are all of small or medium size, and 
and evening these monkeys assemble in the woods. 
arboreal in their habits; all are destitute of cheek- 
and that one of them then perches himself in the 
pouches and callosities, which are possessed by the 
highest place he can reach, and makes a sign to the 
majority of the Old World species; their food is of a 
others to sit around him. He then commences his 
mixed animal and vegetable nature ; and in their dis- 
discourse, with a voice so loud, that, according to our 
positions they are usually good-tempered, docile, and 
author, it might be supposed that the whole of them 
intelligent. Nevertheless, with all these characters in 
were howling together, although they sit in the most 
common, the American monkeys present certain struc- 
decorous manner in perfect silence, listening to the 
tural peculiarities, by which they may be divided into 
vociferation of the self-elected preacher. AVhen the 
two distinct families. 
latter ceases, however, he makes another sign with his 
