ANTiLOPiDiE. MAMMALIA.- 
■ANTILOPlOyE. 
171 
size, large beard, and fine flowing mane. It is also dis- 
tinguished for its fierceness. The Etak, properly so 
called, stands about five feet high at the shoulder, and 
is furnished with scimitar-shaped horns two feet in 
length ; they are strongly curved backwards, and marked 
with about thirty conspicuous anmdations. The face 
is black, with white streaks in front and behind the 
eyes ; the muzzle and under parts being also white. 
The ears are pointed, and fourteen inches long. The 
fur exhibits a roan or reddish-white colour generally. 
The females are hornless. 
THE lECHEE {Antilope Lechee) is a large animal, 
inhabiting South Africa, on the banks of the river 
Louga. In its habits and character, it very closely 
resembles the Water-boc. The horns are elongated, 
annulated, and curve forwards at the tip. The fur 
has a light brown colour generally, the limbs being 
much darker. In the male the mane is slightly de- 
veloped; the tail being tufted and black at the 
extremity. Both Dr. Livingstone and Mr. Andersson 
have given interesting particulars of this species. The 
former says, “It is never found a mile from water ; 
islets in marshes and rivers are its favourite haunts, 
and it is quite unknown except in the central humid 
basin of Africa. Having a good deal of curiosity, it 
presents a noble appearance as it stands gazing with 
head erect at the approaching stranger. When it 
resolves to decamp it lowers its head, and lays its horns 
dow to a level \vith the withers ; it then begins Avith 
a waddling trot, which ends in its galloping and spring- 
ing over bushes like the pallahs. It invariably runs 
to the water, and crosses it by a succession of boimds, 
each of which appears to be from the bottom.” Mr. 
Andersson informs us that “ great numbers are annually 
destroyed by the Bay eye, who convert their hides into 
a kind of rug for sleeping on, carosses, and other articles 
of wearing apparel.” 
THE NAKONG {Antilope Anderssonii). — Believing 
this antelope to be new to science, we do not hesitate 
to recognize it under the above specific title. Dr. Gray 
thinks it may be referred to Ogilby’s broad-horned 
antelope, but the characters, in so far as they are given 
by Mr. Andersson, lead us to a different conclusion. 
The fur displays a subdued brown colour, which is 
darker on the back and on the fore-part of the head 
and legs ; having air ashy tint underneath the belly. 
The hair is long, and coarse in texture. The horns 
are black, closely resembling those of the koodoo. Its 
habits are similar to those of the last-described species. 
“By means of its peculiarl)' long hoofs, which are 
black — not unfrequently attaining a length of six to 
seven inches — it is able to traverse with facility the 
reedy bogs and quagmires with which the lake country 
abounds.” Mr. Amlersson adds that the natives fre- 
quently, at particular seasons, capture the Nakong by 
means of pitfalls. 
THE LEUCORYX {Antilope Aeircoi'i/a;), White Ante- 
lope, or Oryx — Plate 20, fig. 60 — is a native of 
Eastern Africa. The fur has a milky-white colour 
generally, the throat and neck being rufous-brown ; 
dark bands also occur on the forehead and cheeks, two 
of them passing vertically downwards from the inner 
corner of the eye. The mane is short and reversed ; 
the tail being lengthy and tufted at the tip. The horns 
are very attenuated, annulated at tlie loAver half, and 
slope obliquely backwards with a very slight curvature. 
The Leucoryx is gregarious in its habits, and feeds 
freely on acacia shrubs. 
THE ADDAX {Antilope Addax) is a native of 
Northern and Central Africa, and is a bulky, thick-set 
animal, standing upwards of three feet at the shoulder. 
The horns are long, narrow, spirally twisted, ringed to 
within five inches of the tips, sharp at the points, and 
measuring about thirty -six inches from base to apex. 
The forehead is clothed with a patch of black curly 
hair ; the mane is well developed, the fur having a 
greyish-white tint generally; but the head and neck are 
rufous-brown. The Addax has monogamous habits. 
THE CHOUSINGHA {Antilope qztadricornis) or 
Four-Horned Antelope, is an inhabitant of the 
northern and well-wooded districts of India, being 
found especially in the districts ot Bahar and Orissa. 
It is a comparatively small species, standing about 
twenty inches at the shoulders. The horns are smooth, 
black, conical, and sharply pointed ; the posterior pair 
being three inches in length, while the anterior are 
scarcely a third of that measurement. The fur has 
a reddish colour generally, being whitish underneath. 
The females are hornless, and of a paler hue ; they 
usually produce two young at a birth. The Chou- 
singha is excessively wild ; it is also monogamous. 
THE CAMBING-OTJTAN {Antilope Sumatrensis) is an 
inhabitant of the hilly forests of Sumatra, and in its 
habits approaches the goats and chamois. The horns 
are about six inches in length, slightly curved back- 
wards, broad below, and sharp at the apex. The body 
is stoutish, and clothed with a long deep brown- 
coloured fur, approaching to black, except on the back 
of the head, neck, and shoulders, and inside of the 
ears, where it is quite white ; the mane being well 
developed and the tail moderately long. The habits 
of the Cambing-outan are wild and restless. 
THE CHAMOIS {Antilope Rupicapra) is an inhabi- 
tant of the alpine slopes of Western Europe, and, like 
the preceding species, is closely allied to the mgoscervme 
family. It is clothed ivith a deep-brown woolly fur, 
the head being of a paler colour, and banded on either 
side by a dark streak, which passes from the angle of 
the mouth to the eye and base of the ear, enveloping 
both. The horns are fi'om six to eight inches long, 
running nearly parallel to each other, and curving 
backwards at the tip. The tail is short and black. 
The habits of the Chamois are wild and impetuous, 
like the torrents which it overstrides in rapid flight. 
It feeds on young shrubs and various alpine herbs. 
THE PRONG-HORN {Antilope furcifer) or Cabrit, 
is an interesting species, as it presents a sort of tran- 
sitional form between the antilopine and cervine genera; 
and it is for this reason that we have reserved its con- 
sideration until compelled to draw our descriptions of 
the members of the present family to a close. The 
Prong-horn is a native of the western borders of North 
America generally, being more particularly abimdant 
on the borders of the Saskatchewan and Columbia 
rivers. It is a stoutish animal, upwards of three feet 
high at the shoulder, and at once recognized by its 
