190 
Siiin^E. MAiMMALIA. Suin^.. 
slender bnild generally. So far as we are aware, tlie 
use of the large tusks in the male have not hcen satis- 
hictorily explained. Those of the lower jaw are doubt- 
less intended as defensive and offensive weapons ; hut 
as the superior pair often recurve sufficiently to touch 
the forehead, they cannot prove very formidable instru- 
ments of attack. It seems scarcely enough to say tliat 
tliey are designed to protect the eyes from injury during 
the animal’s progress through thick hushes ; and there 
seems more aptness in the old notion that they are 
employed to support the head by suspension to a hough, 
whilst the animal is sleeping in the standing posture. 
This idea, however, rests more upon theory than upon 
observation. 
THE iETHIOPIAN WART-HOG {Phacochcerus PEthio- 
picus) African Boar, Ingooloob, or Valke-Vark, 
is an inhabitant of the Cape of Good Hope. In common 
with its congeners, it is characterized by the possession 
of a large skull, furnished with frightful-looking tusks ; 
those of the upper jaw are enormously developed. 
The teeth vary in number, the incisors being usually 
absent in this species. The canines are directed 
upwards and outwards. The molars of the perma- 
nent series are twenty in number ; that is, five on either 
side above and below; but twelve of these hecome 
deciduous, so that in the old animal only eight may be 
present. The last grinder is remarkably elongated, 
and consists of numerous cylindrical tubes of dentine 
and enamel, cemented together. The Wart-hogs are 
provided with thick, fleshy, wen-like lobes on the 
cheeks, which, associated with the prominent warty 
excrescences below the small, sinister-looking eyes, 
impart additional hideousness to these animals. The 
Fig 
^'alke-vark is about two feet six inches high at the 
shoulder, and nearly five feet in length. The hide 
exhibits a reddish-brown colour; tbe upper parts being 
clothed with long stiff bristles — those on the cromi of 
the head radiating, as it were, from a common centre. 
The muzzle is broad and truncated abruptly. The tail 
is aliout twenty mches long, very narrow, and tufted 
at the extremitjn The Valke-vark is gregarious in its 
habits. 
.SILIAN’S WART-HOG {P/iacocliarus PEliani) enjoys 
a more extensive area of distribution over the African 
continent than the above; examples having been pro- 
cured from Cape Verd, New Guinea, Abyssinia, and 
the ^Mozambique. It is also called the Han/ja, or 
llallup, and is readily distinguished from the foregoing 
by the presence of incisor teeth in both jaws,- of which 
there are generally two above and six below ; the bones 
of the forehead being also slightly depressed in this 
animal, but convex in the valke-vark. The hide 
exhibits an earth-brown colour, and is sparsely clothed 
with bristly hairs, except along the central line of the 
neck and back, where they form a well-developed 
mane, whose individual bristles are eight or nine inches 
in length. A single hair bulb commonly gives origin 
to several bristles. The tail is nearly naked, hut tufted 
at the tip, as in the above. Both species live upon 
roots and bulbs which they grub up with their powerful 
tusks, aided by a kneeling posture to facilitate the wedge 
and lever-action of the snout. 
THE COLLARED PECCARY {Dicotyles torqualus), cr 
Tajazou, is a small kind of hog, living in Mexico and 
the southern districts of the United States, being at 
tlie same , time more extensively dispersed over the 
. 74 . 
The Collared Peccary (Dicotyles torqiiatus). 
continent of South America. The members of this 
genus differ from ordinary pigs in several interesting 
particulars : — Firstly, the hind feet are tridactylous ; 
the outer toes being absent. Secondly, the metacarpal 
and metatarsal bones of the large anterior digits are 
closely united. Thirdly, the canine teeth, though well 
develojied, do not project from the mouth externally. 
Fourthly, the loins support a peculiar gland which 
exhales a fetid odour. Fifthly, there is no tail; its 
place being occupied by a slight prominence or 
