PASSf;RES.- 
-BIKIJS.- 
-TtiRnin.'E. 
flit to another. The nest is a large domed structure 
of dried sticks, with the entrance at one side. 
THE SPOTTED GKOUND THRUSH {Cinclonoma 
2yunctatum), another Australian species, is found ordy 
iti the eastern part of New Holland, and in Van 
Diemen’s Land. Its favourite haunts are stony hills 
and rocky gullies, where it runs about with great 
rapidity, its power of flight being very small. In 
Hobart Town, where it is highly esteemed for the 
table, it is known as the Ground Dove. The food of 
this bird consists of seeds and caterpillars. Its nest is 
slightly constructed of leaves and the bark of trees ; it 
is placed on the ground under the shelter of a stone or 
tuft of grass, and contains two or three eggs of a white 
colour, with olive-brown blotches. 
THE GOLDEN ORIOLE {Oriolus galhula)—?^". Ill— 
is a common bird in the southern parts of the Euro- 
pean continent, where, however, it is a summer visitor, 
and specimens occasionally find their way into Britain. 
It frequents secluded woods and the borders of forests, 
living sociably in small parties, and feeding partly 
upon caterpillars and other insects, and partly 
upon fruits. The nest is cup-shaped and rather flat, 
placed upon the horizontal forked branch of a tree. 
Fig. in 
The Golden Oriole. (Orioliis galhula). 
and composed of long grass and wool, carefully and 
ingeniously interwoven. The eggs are generally 
four or five in number, of a purplish white colour, 
with a few gray and reddish spots. The Golden 
Oriole is rather more than nine inches in length. 
The general colour of the plumage in the male is 
bright yellow, with the wings and tail black, more 
or less variegated wdth yellow, and with a dark streak 
running from the bill to the eye ; the female is olive- 
coloured above, grayish-white beneath, with the wings 
and tail brown. 
THE RED -VENTED BULBUL {Pycnonolus Jimmor- 
rhoiis), one of the most abundant of Indian birds, is of 
a brownish colour above, with the head and tail black, 
and whitish beneath, with the vent red. The head 
e.xhibits the appearance of being crested. This bird is 
found either in pairs or in small flocks in gardens, 
fields, and jungle, but always in open parts of the 
latter ; it feeds principally on fruits and insects, and is 
occasionally destructive to peas in gardens. It is often 
kept in confinement for the purpose of fighting, for 
which it exhibits considerable aptitude ; the com- 
batants seizing each other by the red feathers of the 
vent, and endeavour to pull them out. When caged 
it is said to imitate the notes of other birds. 
THE JOCOSE BULBUL [Pycnonotus jocosus), a species 
nearly allied to the. preceding, and like it a native of 
India, is a sprightly bird, which is found both in woods 
and gardens. It is active and lively, always on the 
move, and warbling its pleasant chirping notes, 
which are far sweeter than those of the 
preceding species. The food of this species 
consists chiefly of fruits and seeds, but it also 
eats insects. It is a favourite with the Hindoos, 
who train it to sit upon the hand, and carry 
it about with them to their bazaars and 
other places of resort. 
THE CAYENNE ANT-THRUSH {Formi- 
carius cayanensis). This bird is an example 
of a peculiar group of Thrushes inhabiting 
the tropical regions of both hemispheres, 
which are especially organised for a terrestrial 
existence, having the wings and tail short, 
and the tarsi long and well-developed. They 
are called Ant-thrushes from their fondness 
for ants, which, with other insects, constitute 
their nourishment. The Cayenne Ant-thrush 
measures about eight inches in length ; it is 
of an ash colour above, and whitish beneath, 
with the wings black. It dwells principally 
on the ground, where it busily turns over 
the dead leaves in search of insects, and runs 
with great ease. 
THE KING ANT-THRUSH {Gralluria Rex), 
another South American species, has the tarsi 
longer than in the preceding, so that some of 
the older writers seem to have hesitated 
whether to regard it as a gallinaceous bird. 
It inhabits the forests, where it runs upon 
the ground and destroys great quantities of 
white ants. It is generally seen solitary, and 
rarely jierches on trees. 
THE BENGAL PITTA {Pitta bengalensis). 
Of the species of the group of Ant-thrushes inhabiting 
the Old World, those of the genus Pitta, some of which 
are abundant in the East Indies, are distinguished by 
the beauty of their plumage. The Bengal Pitta is 
green above, yellow beneath, with the head and neek 
black, streaked with white and orange, and the quill 
