366 Passeres. BIRDS. Fringii.lid^. 
Tlie Scarlet Tanager is one of the few species which 
visit the Uniterl States during tlie summer, when it 
even advances as far to the north as Canada. The 
male, which is about six inches and a half in length, is 
of a most brilliant scarlet colour, with the wings and 
tail black ; the female is green above and j^ellow be- 
neath, with brownish -black wings and tail ; and the 
male, when the breeding season is over, moults and 
becomes partially of a greenish-yellow colour, so that 
his plumage exhibits a mixture of greenish and scarlet 
spots. This bird dwells in the depths of the woods 
and forests, and rarelj' approaches the habitations of 
man, except to visit the orchards in search of fruit, 
which constitutes a considerable portion of its food; 
tlie remainder consisting of insects of various kinds, 
including wasps, hornets, and bees. Its nest is built 
upon the horizontal branch of a tree, sometimes in an 
orchard ; it is a slight structure, composed of dry grass 
and flax stems. The ordinary note of the male is a 
mere monotonous chirping, but occasionally he emits a 
more musical chant. 
THE" SUMMER RED-BIRD {Pyranga cestiva), another 
visitor to the United States, is entirel}'^ of a brilliant 
vermilion colour, with only the tips of the wings 
brown ; the female being of a brownish-olive colour 
above and dull orange-yellow beneath. This bird is 
rather more than seven inches in length. In its habits 
it resembles the preceding species, dwelling principally 
in the woods, and feeding during the early part of the 
season upon insects, and subsequently upon berries and 
fruits of various kinds. It prefers those woods which 
contain pine trees, and is therefore more abundant 
along the coast of the Atlantic than in the interior. 
THE BLACK TANAGER {Tacliyphonits leucopterus), 
an inhabitant of Guiana, is entirely of a deep black 
colour, with the lesser wing-coverts white; the female 
is of a chestnut-red colour. 
THE CRESTED TANAGER {Tachyphonus criatalus) 
is also black, with the lesser wing coverts white ; but 
it has the rump bright orange, and the flanks maroon, 
whilst the head is adorned with a crest which exhibits 
blue, red, and yellow colours. This species is likewise 
an inhabitant of Guiana. 
VIGORS’ TANAGER [Tachyphonus corypliwus), a 
native of the southern provinces of Brazil, is of a fine 
violet-black colour, with the scapulars white, and the 
crest red. 
THE JACAPA TANAGER {Tanagra jacapa), an in- 
habitant of Brazil and Guiana, has the base of the 
lower mandible during life of a beautiful silvery 
whiteness ; the male is purplish-black, with the head, 
throat, and breast brilliant purple ; the female is pur- 
plish-brown above, and reddish beneath. The length 
of this bird is six inches. 
THE RED-CAPPED TANAGER ( Tanagra grdaris), an 
inhabitant of Guiana, is black above, and white be- 
neath ; the head is of a brilliant red colour, and the 
throat blackish-purple. 
THE SEVEN-COLOURED TANAGER {Tanagra Tatao), 
a native of Guiana and Brazil, where it is found in 
considerable troops in the vicinity of the great rivers, 
has the plumage of the upper parts deep velvety-black, 
with the head green, the rump orange-yellow, and the 
lower part of the back fiery red ; the breast and greater 
wing-coverts are violet-blue, and the belly is sea-green. 
THE BANDED 'SiiSkG'E& {Calospiza vitlata) — Plate 
13, fig. 43 — a native of Brazil, is of a deep violet-blue 
colour above, with the rump, wings, and tail azure ; a 
black band crosses the forehead and passes through 
each eye ; the throat is yellowish-white, and the rest 
of the lower part of the body bright red. 
THE TRI-COLOURED TANAGER {Calospizn tricolor) 
is of a blackish-brown colour above, with the margins 
of the quill feathers bright green ; the nape and sides 
of the neck are greenish golden-yellow, the smaller 
wing-coverts violet-blue, and the breast and belly 
bluish-green. This species inhabits Brazil. 
THE ORANGE-BREASTED TkSkGm. {Calospieatho- 
rncica), which is also a native of Brazil, is remarkable 
for the beauty of colouring of the male. The plumage 
surrounding the base of the bill is velvet-black, the 
forehead displays a band of azure blue, the throat and 
breast are orange, with a velvet-black spot in the 
centre ; the head and back are green, with spots and 
streaks of black; the shoulders are orange, spotted 
with hlack; and the belly is j'cllow, with the flanks 
grass-green. 
THE GREEN-MIRROR TANAGER [Nemosia flavicollis). 
— In this beautiful bird, which is an inhabitant of 
Guiana and Brazil, the upper surface is blackish- 
brown, with the lower part of the back and the rump 
yellow ; at the middle of each wing is a green mirror- 
like spot; the throat is golden -yellow ; and the belly 
bright green. 
THE ORGANIST TANAGER {Euplionia mmica), a 
native of several of the West Indian Islands, and 
especially of Porto Rico and St. Domingo, is a small 
species, measuring only about four inches in length. 
It has the upper surface brilliant violet-black, with the 
top of the head and nape of the neck blue, and the 
cheeks blue-black ; the forehead, rump, and lower part 
of the body are orange-yellow. The female is oliv'e- 
green above, and greenish-yellow beneath. This bird, 
with some of its nearest allies, is remaikable amongst 
the Tanagers for its musical powers, for, although 
its note cannot be regarded as fine when compared 
with some of our best songsters, it has an agreeable 
and varied song. It is also a familiar species, often 
approaching the houses. 
THE VIOLET TANAGER {Euplionia violacea), a 
species nearly related to the preceding, is found com- 
monly in Brazil and Paraguay, and also in most parts 
of South America. It is of the same size as the 
organist tanager, and, like it, has the upper surface 
violet-black ; the forehead and breast are orange-yel- 
low, and the belly yellow. There are numerous other 
species of this and other genera of Tanagers, to which 
our space will not permit us to allude. 
THE HAWFINCH {Coccothraustes vulgaris) is the 
only British species of another group of Finches, to 
which the name of Grosbeaks is ordinarily applied, from 
the great thickness of their rather short conical bills. 
The Hawfinch or Common Grosbeak is about seven 
inches in length, has the top of the head, the nape of 
the neck, the rump, and upper tail-coverts fawn 
colour ; the back of the neck gray, the back chestnut- 
