The Great Sulphur-crested Cockatoo. BIRDS. The Goliah Cockatoo. 379 
with the head black and .the hack of the neck orange- 
coloured; the orbit is white and is continued into a 
point before and behind ; the wings are edged with 
blue, and the tips of all the tail-feathers, except the 
two middle ones, are blue. 
THE GREAT SULPHUR-CRESTED COCKATOO— ( Ca- 
catua galerita). — The Cockatoos, like the preceding 
Parrots, have a broad and even tail, but they are 
readily distinguished from those birds by the presence 
of a large crest, which the birds are able to elevate 
or depress at pleasure. Their name is an imitation of 
the peculiar cry of some of the species, which closely 
resembles the syllables Kalcatoe. They are all inhab- 
itants of the islands of the Eastern archipelago and 
Australia ; the latter is the native place of the present 
species, one of the finest of the whole. 
The Great Sulphur- crested Cockatoo measures two 
feet in length, and is of a pure white colour, with only 
a slight yellowish tinge about the sides of the tail and 
the wing coverts ; the head bears a long pointed crest 
of a fine sulphur-j’bllow colour, the tip of which is a 
little curved upwards. This bird is not unfrequently 
brought to this country, and will learn to perform 
various tricks and to speak with some distinctness. 
THE SMALL SULPHUR-CRESTED COCKATOO ( (Jam/ «a 
sulpimrea) resembles the preceding species in almost 
every particular except its size, its length being only 
about fifteen inches. It has a sulphur-yellow spot 
below each eye. The Moluccas and other islands 
of the Indian archipelago are the habitation of this 
bird, which is perhaps more frequently brought to 
Europe than the preceding species. In captivity it 
displays to the fullest extent a habit common to all the 
Cockatoos, namely, that of uttering a most discordant 
screaming noise ; it is, however, tolerably docile, and 
will learn to speak a few words. 
THE BROAD-CRESTED COCKATOO {Cacalua cristata), 
another white species, is about seventeen inches in 
length, and has the head and breast slightly tinged with 
rose colour ; its crest, which is very large, is composed 
of feathers which are white above, and rich scarlet 
beneath, producing, together a delicate rose-tint. This 
species inhabits Australia. 
LEADBEATER’S COCKATOO {Cacatua Leacihealeri), a 
very handsome species, also a native of Australia, is 
a little larger than the Small Sulphur-crested Cockatoo, 
and of a white colour, tinged with crimson, and with 
the lower surface of the wings deep crimson. The 
head is adorned with a crest of long, pointed feathers, 
capable of being erected so as to form a perfect fan ; 
they are deep crimson at the base, then j-ellow, then 
crimson again, and their apical half is white. 
THE LONG-NOSED COCKATOO {Licmetis tenwros- 
tris) — Plate 13, fig. 53. — This bird is distinguished 
from the ordinary Cockatoos by the small size of its 
crest, and the great length of the upper mandible, which 
is. produced far beyond the lower one. It is an inhab- 
itant of South Australia, where it is seen in great flocks, 
and spends much of its time upon the ground, searching 
for bulbous roots which its curiously-formed bill enables 
it to dig up with facilitjn It also attacks the corn fields 
occasionally and does much damage. The larvae of 
insects are also a favourite food with it, and in searching 
for these under the bark of trees, it is said to make use 
of its projecting upper mandible as a sort of lever to 
prize off the bark. 
THE GOLIAH COCKATOO (Microglossum aterrimum) 
— Plate 15, fig. 54 — an inhabitant of New Guinea and 
the neighbouring islands, one of the largest of known 
parrots, is distinguished by several remarkable char- 
acters. Its cheeks are covered with a naked .skin, as 
is the case in the maccaws, which this bird further 
resembles in the immense size and strength of its bill ; 
but w'ithin these powerful jaws there is a small and 
slender tongue very different from that of any other 
parrot, or indeed of any other bird. Le Vaillant 
compares it to the trunk of an elephant, and gives the 
bird the name of Ara u trompe or “ Trunked maccaw.” 
This organ is of a cylindrical form, capable of being 
considerably protruded from the mouth, and terminated 
by a cleft horny extremity. According to Le Vaillant 
the bird breaks up his food by means of his beak, and 
then, putting out his tongue, takes up a portion of the 
food in the cleft at the extremity of that organ ; the 
tongue is then drawn back within the bill and [lassed 
along the palate where there is a small projection, 
which, coming in contact with the morsel of food 
cari'ied by the tongue, detaches it and causes it to fall 
into the throat. 
The Goliah Cockatoo is entirely black, but the living 
bird has a greenish-gray tint from the quantity of whitish 
powxlery matter which is scattered over the feathers, 
and which occurs in more or less abundance in most of 
the cockatoos. The tail is very short. The enormous 
bill is black ; the naked wrinkled skin of the cheeks is 
red ; and the crown of the head is furnished with an 
erectile crest of long, slender, gray feathers. 
THE BANKSIAN COCKATOO {Calyi)torlnjncliUS 
Banksii). — Besides the white cockatoos, several other 
species of this group are found in various parts of 
Australia, in which the general colour of the plumage 
is black in the males, and blackish-brown spotted with 
white in the females. The crest in these birds is 
smaller than in the white cockatoos, but they are 
generally provided with long and ample tails. In the 
Banksian Cockatoo, which is a very large and magnifi- 
cent species, the whole of the plumage is deep black in 
the male, with a very broad red band crossing all the 
tail-feathers except the two middle ones ; in the female 
this red band is broken up by numerous irregular black 
marks. These birds are generally seen in small parties 
of about six or eight in number, except during the 
breeding season, when they live in pairs. They de- 
posit their eggs in the hollow dead branches of the 
gum-trees. Their food consists partly of fruits and 
seeds, and partly of insects, which they seek with great 
avidity under the bark of trees. 
THE FUNEREAL COCKATOO {Cahjptm-hynchiis fune- 
reus) is another species, about the same size as the 
preceding, from which it is distinguished by the orange- 
yellow colour of the band across the tail. This bird 
is called the Wy-la by the natives, in imitation of its 
mournful cry. 
THE PHILLIP ISLAND PARROT {Nestor productm). 
— Besides the preceding and many other fine birds of 
this family, the Australasian region nourishes seveial 
