ANTICOSTI ISLAND FAUNAS. 
19 
The faunas of the Ellis Bay formation are partly derivative 
from those of the previous formations, partly indigenous, and 
partly migrants from European seas. Most of the species consist 
of forms not elsewhere known in America, or not in a horizon 
so low as this. That there is a decided Richmond aspect is clearly 
evident ; but the assemblage is not identifiable with that of any 
interior deposit. This suggests that the interior was free from 
marine waters, or that all paths permitting migration to the 
interior were closed. The former view is adopted and it is hence 
concluded that the Ellis Bay formation has no equivalent in 
North America. 
The lack of recent comprehensive works on British stratig- 
raphy and palaeontology renders correlation with British sec- 
tions difficult and this is particularly true for the English Head 
and Charleton formations; but the evidence indicates that these 
two formations find an equivalence high up in the Bala series. 
The Ellis Bay formation contains eleven species which are also 
found in the English Bala, of which seven are considered diagnostic 
by reason of their first appearance or limited vertical distribu- 
tion, and a correlation based on the common presence of these spe- 
cies would assign at least the lower portion of the Ellis Bay to the 
upper Bala. 
In the Kristiana region of Norway, the Ordovician and Silu- 
rian have lately been exhaustively studied by Professor Kiaer. 
He erects a number of divisions and the Ellis Bay formation and 
the upper Charleton correlate fairly well with his etage 5. 1 
In Baltic Russia, the Lyckholm and Borkholm formations 
are the equivalents of the lower parts of the Ellis Bay and parts 
of the English Head and Charleton formations. The Borkholm 
carries eighteen species of great diagnostic value which in the 
Anticosti section occur chiefly in the Ellis Bay and Charleton 
formations, and it is considered that the Borkholm holds about 
the same stratigraphic position as the lower zones of the former 
and the higher of the latter. 
The Becsie River fauna shows its nearest relationships with 
1 Kiaer, Videnskabs-Selskabets Skrifter, I, Math-Naturv. Klasse, 
bd. ii. 
