T. TJ. TAYLOR SCIENCE AND THE STATE. 
49 
school. When Jefferson, as early as 1789, attempted to have passed his 
hill for the general diffusion of knowledge, he little knew when he sug- 
gested that provision he made for the mathematical and physical sciences 
that he was acting as sponsor for an agency that would contribute to the 
wrecking of his own theory of the federal compact. 
The transition from hand laborers to machine-using laborers was a 
process of organization that was carried on more effectively by larger 
agencies of the same kind. And although several periods of depression 
in our material affairs have occurred in our national history by the 
machine-using tendency, the fact remains that the machine age is here 
and has been with us for years and it is becoming more prominent. And 
even yet (quoting from Sir Lyon Playfair) the world has not accommo- 
dated itself to the wonderful changes wdiich science has produced in 
the modes of production and in the exchange of commerce. Whether 
this adjustment will ever come, 1 can not say. We must take conditions 
as they are and have been. The pursuit of happiness, the third inalien- 
able right of mankind as stated in the Declaration of Independence, I do 
not consider, because it is not a theory, but a condition that has con- 
fronted us. Mankind might be happier in some simple arcadia, but sci- 
ence and simple arcadias do not exist in the same country at the same 
time. It is certain that the changes introduced by science come too 
quickly upon the heels of each other, but they come, and the State and 
nation must face the conditions as they may exist. The machine-using 
tendency is almost universal, and under the circumstances the State 
that languishes either in their use or further development is lost. For 
self-defence or self-protection, if not for the love of it, the nation must 
go on. 
The discoveries in science as applied to the wealth producing avoca- 
tions may be more rapid that the adjusting power of the people. The 
introduction of a new machine as the result of some abstract discovery in 
science may throw' thousands out of employment, but competition for 
first place in national affairs keeps every nerve on fire and every muscle 
taut. National progress is the key note of the national effort. To 
keep in the field and maintain our position requires the greatest economy 
in the use of fuel and force. It applies to the State as well as the nation. 
Organization in our government is a result that has been brought about 
in a great measure by the scientist. Science stands for economy of 
energy and for the maximum efficiency to be obtained from existing con- 
ditions, or newly developed conditions. 
The ports of Japan were thrown open to the world a -few years ago 
and the Japanese w'ere brought in contact with the nations of the earth, 
and she measured them with an accuracy that was surprising. The 
cause of the greatness and importance of each nation was quickly seen, 
