i04 
glossology of the mammalia. 
(G4.) The Occipct, Or HiNDER-pabT op the HeaG, Lat. Occiput, Fr. 
I/occiput, Germ. Hinteikopf.—fi Pmt jtortion of the skull extending from 
the vertex backwards to the cervicaf 
(65 ) The Face, Lai. Vultus, Fr. La face',- Antlitz, —placed at 
the anterior part of the skull, contains most .organs of sense. 
See (7.) 
(66.) The Forehead, Lai- Frons, Fr. Le front. Germ. StiriJ,~ii! tWt 
portion of the Sinciput, extending from tlie eyes to the anterior margin 
of the vertex. It is said to be 
(67.) Propoutiosate, Lai. Proportionata, Fr. Proportionne, Germ. 
Ebenniiissige stirn, — when it occupies a tiiird-part of the length of the 
face ; 
(68.) High. Lai. Alta, Fr. Haut, Germ. Hohe, lange, — when it is 
longer than the third-part ; and 
(69.) Low, Lat. Brevis, Fr. Bas, Gervi. Kurze, — when shorter. The 
Forehead is very open in Man and some Apes. 
(70.) The Muzzle, Lat. Rostrum, Ft. Le museau. Germ. Schnauze, 
— is the prolongation of the face. 
(71.) The Facial Axgle, Lat. Angulus facialis, Fr. L’angle facial, 
Germ. Gesichtswinkel, — is the angle, more or less acute, formed between 
two imaginary lines, the one drawn from the external hole of the ear to 
the extreme point of the upper-jaw ne.xt to the teeth, and the otlier from 
tlie latter point as a tangent to the most prominent part of the forehead. 
This angle is seldom measured except in Man and the Apes. In the 
former it varies from 90“ to 70“, and in the latter from 65“ to 30“. Of 
all Mammalia, the Orang-Outang has, next to Man, the most open facial 
angle, and the Great Ai.t-eater {Myrmecophaga jubata), the most acute. 
(7’2.) The Temples, Lai. Tempora, Fr. Les tempes. Germ. Schliifeu, — 
are the portions of the head on each side of the forehead, situate above 
a line drawn from the eye to the ear. 
(73.) The Cheek, Lat. Bucca, Fr. La joue, Germ. Bakkc, — is that 
portion of the face extending from the corners of the nose and mouth 
to the ear. 
(74.) The Upper-cheek, Lat. Gena, Fr. La joue superieure. Germ. 
Wange, — is that portion of the cheek between the eye and the ear, im- 
mediately covering the zygomatic arch. 
(75.) The Under-chin, Lat. Ingluvies, Fr. La partie inferieure du 
mentou. Germ. Unterkinn, — is that portion of the lower jaw between the 
externa] margin of its branches and tlie throat. 
(76.) The Under-cheek, Lat. Mala, Fr. La partie inferieure de la 
joue, Germ. Kiunbakke, — is the hinder-part of the lower jaw, extending 
beneath a line drawn from the corner of the mouth to the ear, and thence 
downwards to the lower margin of the i'aee. 
(77.) The Parotid Region, Lat. Regio parotica, Fr. La region paro- 
tique, Gei'm. Ohrengegend, — is the part of tlie head round the ears. 
(78.) The Ophthalmic Region, Lat. Regio ophthalmica, Fr. La re- 
gion ophthalmique, Germ. Augengegend,— is the region around the eyes. 
(79.) The Nasal Region, Lai. Regio nasalis, Fr. La region nasale. 
Germ. Nasengegend, — is that portion of the face around tlie nose. 
(80.) The Oral Region, Lat. Regio oris, Fr. La region orale. Germ. 
Mundgegeud, — is the part round the mouth. 
(81.) The Superciliary Ridges, Lat. Cristaj superciliares, Fr. Les 
cretes surcilieres, — are projections of the frontal bone, jilaced horizon- 
tally over the orbits of the eyes. These arc found in certain Apes. 
(82.) The Sagittal Ridges, Lat. Crist® sagittales, Fr. Les cretes 
sagittales, — are found on the top of the head at the upjier part of the 
parietal bone when single, or at the junction of the parietal bones. They 
are found particularly among the Carnassiers. 
(83.) The Occipital Ridges, Lat. Crist® occipitales, Fr. Les cretes 
occipitales, — are placed transversely on the occipital bone, and form the 
point of attachment for the muscles which raise the head, as well as for 
;the cervicgl ligament in the Apes, Carnassiers, Ruminantia, Solipeda, and 
other.s. 
In respect to its form and size the Head may be 
(84.) Round, Lat. rotundum, Fr. arrondie, as in Man and most 
Apes ; 
(85.) Lengthened, Lat. elongatum, Fr. alongee, as in the Horse; 
(86.) Greatly lengthened, Lat. prslongum, Fr. tres alongee, as in 
the Great Aijt-eaterj 
(87.) Pyramid.al, as iq tlie Howling Apes ; 
(88.) Very large, Lat, pr®graride, Fr. deraesurement grosse, as in 
the Whales, Cachalots, and Elephants; 
(89.) Middle-sized, Lat. medium, Fr. moyenne, as in the Dog ; 
(90.) Small, Lat. parvum, Fr. petite, as in the Ai ; 
(91.) Flattened, Fr. aplatie, and 
(92.) Duck-billed, Fr, Rn bee de canard, as in the Ornithorhynchus. 
(93.) The Orbital Foss®, Lat. Foss® orbitales, Fr. Les fosses orbi- 
taires, — are fhe cavities in the skull, for the reception of the eyes. They 
pi ay be 
(94.) Anterior, Fr. anterieures. as in Man and the Apes ; 
(95.) Lateral, Fr, lateralos, as in the Rodentia. 
(96.) The Tejiporal Foss.*, Lat. Foss® temporales, Fr. Les fosses- 
temporales,^jare the depressions of the temples. Sometimes they are 
(97.) Distinct, Fr, distinctes, — when they are separated fiom the 
orbital fossw, as in Man and the Apes ; 
(98.) Communic.atino, F'r. communiquans, — when they are united to 
the orbital foss® by the bottom of the latter, as in the Horse. 
(99.) Margined, Fr. marginees, — when the orbital and temporal foss® 
have a common margin, a.s in the Carnassiers and Rodentia. 
(100.) The nasal ross.ii, Lat. Foss® nasales, Fr. Les fosses na.sales, 
— are the holes ifi the skull corresponding to the apertures of the nose. 
HI.— THE ORGAN OF HEARING. 
(101.) The Ear, Lat. Amis, Fr. L’oreille, Germ. Ohr, — is the organ 
of hearing. See pages 8 and 35. 
(102.) The Hole op the Ear, Lat. Meatus auditoiius externus, Fr. 
Le conduit auditif externe. Germ. Gehbrgaiig, — is the tube of the ear 
opening externally. 
(103.) The Auricle or External Ear, Lat. Auricula, sen Concha, 
Fr. La coiique externe, Germ, .'^itsseres Obr, Olirmuscliel, — is a hollow 
cartilaginous cavity, for conveying the vibrations of the air into the in- 
ternal ear. It is wholly wanting in the Cetacea, the Seals, the Rat- 
Molos, Common Moles, and some otlicrs. 
(104.) The Helix, I,af. Helignia, sen Helix, Fr. L’helix, Germ. 
Ohrleiste, — is the outer and hinder margin of the Ear, usually convo- 
luted. 
(105.) The Anthelix, Lat. Anthcli.x, Fr. L’anthelix, Germ. Oegen- 
leistc, — is tlie inner margin of the Ear, running almost parallel with tlie 
helix. 
(106.) The Tragus, Lat. Tragus, Fr. L’oreillon ou le tragus, Germ. 
Ohr Ekke, — is the projection at the anterior margin, immediately before 
the hole of the car. It assumes an enormous size in some Bats. 
(107.) The Antitragus, Lat. Antitragus, Fr. L’anti-tragus, Germ. 
Gegen Ekke, — is the hinder process of the ear, opposite the Tragus. 
(108.) The Lobe, Lat. Lobulus. Fr. Le lobule. Germ. Ohrlappclien, 
— is the lowest part of the ear below the Tragus. 
The Auricle is said to be 
(109.) Oi'ERCULATED, Ijut. Auricula operculuta, Fr. L’oreille oper- 
culee, Germ. Gcdekkeltes Ohr, — when the tragus lines the ear, so that it 
appears to be double ; 
(110.) Marginated, Lai. Auricula niarginata, Fr. L’orcille rebordec, 
Germ. Geraiidetes Ohr, — when it is supplied with a convoluted helix ; 
(111.) Rudimentary, Lat, Auricula ahscoudita, Fr. L’oreille rudi- 
mentaire, Germ. Verstekkte Ohren, — when it is almost concealed, as in 
the Marmot. 
(112.) Rounded, Fr. arrondie, and 
(113.) Applied to the Head, Fr. appliquee centre la tete, — as in 
Man, and such of the Apes as most resemble him ; 
(114.) Angular, Fr. aiiguleuse, — as in the Macacos and Baboons; 
(115.) Horn-shaped, Fr. En cornet, — with the opening in front, and 
the base enlarged, as in Cats, Dogs, and W easels ; 
(116.) Pedunculated, Fr. pedonculec, — in the form of an elongated 
horn, with a kind of branch, which gives it great mobility, as in the Ru- 
minantia, the Horse, and Rhinoceroses. 
(117.) The Auricular Opf.b(:ulu.m, Lat. Operculum auriculare, Fr. 
L’oreillon, Germ. Olirdckkel. This term is applied to the tragus, when it 
is elongated so as almost to cover the auricular cavity. 
IV THE ORGAN OF VISION. 
(118.) The Eye, Lat. Oculus, Fr. L’®il, pi. les yeux, Germ. Auge, 
is the organ of vision. 
(119.) The Eve-ball, Lat. Bulbus oculi, Fr. Le globe del’mil. Germ- 
Aug Apfel. — is the body of the eye, more or less globular, composed of 
membranes and humours. 
(120.) The conjunctive membrane, Lat. Tunica conjunctiva seu ad- 
nata, Fr. La conjonctive, Germ. Verbindende augenhaut, — is the ante- 
rior membrane of the eye-ball, being a continuation of the skin of tho 
eye-lids. 
(121.) The Eye-lids, Lat. Palpebr®, Fr. Les paupieres. Germ. Au- 
genlieder, — are moveable cutaneous coverings, enveloping the whole or a- 
part only of the eye. 
(122.) The Sclerotica, or White of the Eye, ImI. Tunica sclero- 
tica, Fr. La sclerotique, Germ. Weisse Augenhaut, — is a firm and white 
membrane, covering the Eye-ball, and seen partially on its external sur- 
face. 
(123.) The Cornea, Lat. Tunica cornea, Fr. Lacornee, Germ. Horo' 
haut,— is that transparent anterior membrane or coat of the eye filling 
circular aperture of the sclerotica. 
(124.) The Iris, Laf. Iris, seu Tunica iridea, Fr. L'iris, Gerfli’ 
