GLOSSOLOGY OF THE MAMMALIA. 
109 
ternal opening of the rectum, placed under the tail for excretory pur- 
poses. 
(331.) The Anal Pouch, Lat. Rima odorifera, Saccus analis, Fi-. Les 
follicules anales, Gann. Riecliende Hautfalte, Aftertasche, — is a sac 
placed between the tail and the anus, or between the latter and the 
organs of generation, and emitting an odoriferous secretion. 
(332.) The Penis, Lui. Penis, Fr. La verge, Germ. Ruthe, — is the 
male organ of generation placed upon the groin. It is said to be 
(333.) Adnatu, Lai. Adnatus, Germ. Angewachsne, — when the basal 
part is concealed by the skin of the abdomen, and its apex alone is free 
towards the umbilical region. 
Animals are said to be 
(334.) Retbomingent, Lat. Animalia retromingentia, Germ. Riikk- 
wartsharnende Thiere, — svhen the penis is directed backwards. 
(335.) The Vulva, Lat. Vulva, Fr. La vulve. Germ. Wurf, — is the 
female organ of generation, placed upon the perinxura. 
(336.) The Cloaca, Lat. Cloaca, Fr. Le cloaque. Germ. Kloake, — 
is the common outlet for the intestinal canal and the organs of genera- 
tion, found in the Monotremata. 
XIV.— THE LIMBS. 
(337.) The Limbs, Lat. Artus, Fr. Lesniembres, Germ. Gliedmasson, 
— are the articulated extremities, fitted for walking, and usually having 
their apices furnished with fingers or toes, and nails, claws, or hoofs. 
In general the limbs are of equal length ; sometimes, however, the fore- 
limbs are the longer, as in the Gibbons and Sloths ; and sometimes tlie 
hinder limbs exceed the former, as in the Kangaroos, and most Rodentia. 
The Limbs are said to he 
(338.) Retuactile, Lat. Retracti, Obvoliiti. Germ. Eingezogne, — when 
their articulations are very short, so that the basal joints arc buried in the 
flesh, and the terminal almost hidden in the fur. 
■ (339.) PiNNiFOBM, Lnl. Artus pinnilbrines, A>. En forme de nagooircs, 
Genn. Flosseiiartige Gliedmasscu, — when the pectoral limbs aie so im- 
mersed in the trunk, and covered witli skin, that their articulations are 
only discoverable by anatomization. They are then called 
(340.) The Pectobal Fins, Lat. Pinnae pectorales, Fr. Les Nagooircs 
pectorales. Germ. Bruslfinnen, — from their resembling the fins of a fish, 
both in general form and use. 
(341.) The Caudal Li.vibs, Lat. Pede.s compedes, Fr. Les Nageoires 
caudales. Germ. Verwachsne Beine, — are hinder-limbs placed horizontally 
like a tail, so that their articulations can only be perceived anatomically. 
(342.') The Foot, — is the extreme part of a limb, adapted for walking. 
See (37.) and (46.) 
(343.) The Sole, Lat. Planta, Fr. La plante du pied. Germ. Soble, 
— is the inferior side of the foot from the wrist or ancle-joint to the 
extremities of the fingers or toes. 
(344.) The Fingebs or Toes, — form the apex of a limb. See (40.) 
Their number varies from one to five on the several extremities. 
Thus, there are on each limb in 
Man..... 5 Abuve and 5 Below. 
The Bears, Elephant 5 Before and 5 Behind. 
Most Rodentia 4 5 
Pccaris, Cabiais, Agoutis 4 3 
Hippopotamus, Suricate 4 4 
Two-toed Ant-eater 2 4 
Sloths 2 or 3 4 
Rhinoceroses 3 3 
Ru.siinantia 2 2 
SoLlTEDA 1 1 
A Foot is said to be 
(345.) Mono-uactvlous, Di-dactvlous, Tri-dactylous, Tetra-dac- 
tylous, or Penta-dactylous, — when it has one, two, three, four, or 
five toes or fingers ; 
(346.) Adactylous, Lat. Adactylus, Mutilatus, Fr. Adactylo, Germ. 
Ohnzehiges, — when the toes or fingers are wanting. 
(347.) The Axilla or Arm-Pit, Lat. Axilla, Fr. L’aisselle, Germ. 
Achsel, — is the hollow under the fore-limb at its insertion with tlie 
thorax. 
(348.) The Thigh, Lat. Chinis, Fr. La jambe, Germ. Keule,— is the 
emur, together with its fleshy covering. 
(349.) The Buttocks, Lat. Nates, Fr. Les fesses, Germ. Gesiiss, — 
the hinder [or lower] sides of the thighs, and frequently prominent. 
(350.) The Callosities of the Buttocks, Lat. Tylia, Natis calvse, 
Les callosites. Germ. Gesass-schwiele, — are liard and smooth portions 
of the buttocks, frequently coloured, found in some Apes. 
(351.) The Calf, Lat. Sura, Fr. Gras de la jambe. Germ. "Wade, — 
's the swelling muscle behind the upper part of the tibia. 
28 
XV. — THE FEET OR HANDS, 
IN RESPECT TO THEIB PARTS AND APPENDAGES. 
(352.) The Thumb or Great-Toe, I,at. Pollex, Hallux, Digitus 
primus, Fr. Lo pouce. Germ. Daumen, Innenzehe, — is the innermost 
finger or toe, usually distingui.shed from the others by its situation, and 
by being alvimys the shortest and thickest. 
(353.) The Index or First Finger, Lat. Digitus index seu secundus. 
Fr. Le doigt indicateur. Germ, Zeigefinger, Die zweite zclie, — is the 
finger next to the thumb. 
(354.) The Second or Middle Finger, Lat. Digitus tertius, Fr. Le 
medius. Germ. Die dritte zehe, — is the finger next to the index. 
(355.) The Third or Ring Finger, Lmt. Digitus tjuartus, Fr. L’an- 
nulaire. Germ. Die vierte zehe, — is the third finger from the thumb. 
(356.) The Fourth or Little Finger, Lat. Digitus quintus, Fr. Le 
petit doigt. Germ. Die funfte zehe, — is the fourth finger from the tliuiiib. 
The same pliraseology is applied to the Toes. 
The Thumb is said to he 
(357.) Rudimentary, Lat. Verruca hallucaris, Fr. Le pouce rudi- 
mentaire. Germ. Daumenspur, — when it scarcely emerges from the skin ; 
(358.) Opposable, — when it is capable of being applied to the fingers. 
This may' be upon the fore-limbs only, as in Man, or on all the limbs, as 
in tlie Apes, or only on the hinder limbs, as in the Opossums. 
The Finger or Toe is said to be 
(359.) Insistent, Lat. insistens. Germ. Auftretend, — when it touches 
the earth wliile tlie animal rests upon its feet; 
(360.) Elevated, Lat. Arnotus, Germ. Hinaufgcriikkte, — when it is 
inserted so high, that it does not touch the ground while the animal is 
walking. 
(361.) The Glove, Lat. Podotheca, Germ. Fuss-scheido, — is the fur 
covering the entire foot or luuid. 
(362.) The Finger-Glove, Lat. Dactylotheca, Germ. Zehenscheide, 
— i.s the part of the glove covering each separate finger. 
(363.) The Finger-Balls, and Heel-Balls, Lat. Tylari, Germ. 
Zchenballen, Hakkenballen, — are the naked and callous parts under the 
fingers and the heels. 
(364.) The Nail, Lat. Lanina, Unguis, Fr. L’ongle, Germ. Nagel,' — 
is tlie broad and flat liorny surface, covering in a greater or less degree 
the upper side of the last phalanx. 
(365.) The Claw, Lat. Falcula, Unguis falcularis, Fr. Griffe, Germ. 
Kralle, — is an elongated, compressed, and rounded nail. 
A Claw is said to be 
(366.) Retractile, Lat. Falcula vaginata, Fr. Retractile, Ger-m 
Gesclieidote Kralle, — when it can be drawn within a proper sheath upon 
the last phalanx ; 
(367.) Tegular, Lat. Tegularis, Germ. Kuppennagel, — when it ap- 
proaches to a Nail in form. 
(368.) The Hoop, Lat. Ungula, Fr. Le sabot, Germ. Huf, — is a horny 
covering, enveloping tlie point of the phalanx on every side. 
(369.) The Sole op the Hoof, Lat. Solea, Fr. La sole, Germ. Huf- 
sohle, — is its entire under surface, including the hollow part. 
(370.) The Coronet, Lat. Coronamen, Fr. La courorme. Germ. 
Huflrranz, — is the upper margin of the hoof, where it presses the finger 
or foot. 
(371.) The Frog, Fr. La fonrehette, — is an elevated portion in the 
form of a V, sometimes found behind tiie middle of the sole of a hoof. 
(372.) The Hand, Lat. Manus, La main. Gem. Hand, is the ex- 
treme part of a limb, having its tlnimb free and opposable, and covered 
with a flat nail. Sometimes this term is applied to a foot, when its toes 
are very long and much separated from each other. 
(373.) The Paw, Lat. Palma, Fr. La patte. Germ. Tatze, — is the 
broad part, consisting of the carpus and metacarpus in the fore-limb, or 
the tarsus and metatarsus in the hinder. 
(374.) The Palm, Lat. Vola, Fr. La paume. Germ. Handhdlilung, — 
is the flat inner surface of a hand. 
XVI. — THE FEET OR HANDS, 
IN respect to their form and use. 
Their Fingers or Toes may be 
(375.) Divided, Lat. Fissi, Fr. Separgs, Germ. Gospaltne, — when 
they are not connected by any intermediate membrane ; or 
(376.) Half-Divided, Lat. Semi-fissi, Fr. Demis&pares, Germ. Ilalb- 
gcspaltne, — when tliey are only partially connected. 
Animals arc said to be 
(377.) Fissipede, Lat. Animalia Fissipeda, Fr. Les fissipedes, Germ. 
Spaltfiissige Thiere, — when their fingers or toes are unconnected by a 
membrane. 
The Fingers or Toes are said to bo 
