OllDEE I.-BIMANA. 
MAMMALIA WITH FOUR DISTINCT UNGUICULATED LIMBS ; WITH THREE KINDS OF TEETH ; AND OPPOSABLE 
THUMBS ON THE PECTORAL LIMBS ALONE. 
SV N ON Y MS. 
PiuMATES (in patt). — Linnaeus and others. 
Bimanf.s Duinerd, Cuvier, and others. 
Bimana, — Hamilton Smith and others. 
Eiiecta (Aufrecte Saugthiere) Illiger. 
Man forms but a single Genus, and this Genus is the only one of its Order. 
GENUS.— HOMO. MAN. 
SYNONYMS. 
Homo Erxlebon, Illiger, Fischer, and others. 
Homo sapiens Linnaeus and others. 
L’Homme Cuvier, Buffon, Dumeril, Desraarest, and others. 
Men.sch Tiedomaun and others. 
Man is excluded from the Zoological systems of Pennant, Brisson, and others. 
GENERIC CHARACTERS. 
The Teeth continuous, approximated, erect, and nearly of equal length; 
the Fore-teeth eight, trenchant, the upper not inserted in 
an intermaxillary bone ; the Canines four, pointed, unicuspi- 
date; the Molars twenty, grinders, tuberculous ; eight being 
False Molars, bicuspidate; the remaining twelve. True 
Molars, and quadri-cuspidate. The Dental Formula for 
the Adult is therefore 
» I 2 -f C + (2 F + 3) M 16_ 
I 2 -p C (2 F 1^) M 16 
For the Infant it is 
’ I 2 + C -i- 2 M_10_ „„ 
I 2 + C + 2 M 10 
The Pectoral Limbs, with pentadactylous Hands, eminently disposed 
for prehension. 
The Lower Limbs, with pentadactylous and plantigrade Feet, 
The Nails flat and feeble, on all the fingers and toes. 
The Head, with its Facial Angle from 70° to 90°. The Chin pro- 
minent. The Orbital and Temporal Foss.® distinct. 
The Clavicles perfect. 
The MammjE two, and pectoral. The Penis free. 
The Skin naked except on the skull, also on the chin, axillm, and pubes 
of adults. 
The Tail wanting. 
Walks erect. 
Feeds on many animal and vegetable substances (Polyphagous). 
Inhabits all parts of the globe, except the regions immediately surrounding 
the Poles (Cosmopolite"). 
As the physical history of Man is directly interesting to ourselves, and ought to form the standard of comparison to which that of other 
*^»imals is to be referred, it will be proper to consider the subject more in detail. 
The several points in which the organic arrangements of Man are peculiar to himself will be briefly contrasted with those possessed 
him in common with the other Mammalia. We shall point out the advantages which these peculiarities give him above the other 
®Pecics, and indicate the natural order in which his individual and social faculties have developed themselves. Finally, we shall enu- 
'®erate the several races of Man and their distinguishing characteristics. 
THE PECULIAR CONFORMATION OF MAN, 
foot of Man is very different from the hinder-hand of an Ape. 
B is broad, the leg bears vertically upon it, and the heel expands 
®Death. Its toes are short, and can scarcely bend ; the great-toe, 
°Bger and thicker than any of the others, is placed on the same 
plane, and cannot be opposed to them. This kind of foot is there- 
are proper for supporting the body in an erect position, but can 
® of no use either for seizing or climbing. Further, the hands of 
an arc not adapted for walking, and he is therefore truly Bipedal 
and Bimanous — qualities which are possessed by no other animal. 
29 
In fact, the entire frame of Man is disposed for an upright posture. 
His feet, as we have just seen, supply him with a broader base than 
those of any other Maramiferous animal. The extensors or muscles 
which maintain the leg and thigh in a state of extension are extremely 
vigorous, whence result the projections of the calf and buttock. 
The flexors of the leg are attached very high, so as to permit the 
knee to be completely extended, and thus occasion the calf to ap- 
pear more prominent. The pelvis is broad, and serves to separate 
the thighs and feet, giving to the body a pyramidal form highly 
