VARIETIES OF THE HUMAN SPECIES. 
129 
introduction of the Cereal plants, the cultivation of the Olive, and they 
appear to have first domesticated the Bull. Having received the know- 
ledge of letters and the art of writing from the Phoenicians, belonging to 
tl)e Aramean race, their first poets became their historians, and phi- 
losophy, born on the banks of the Nile, was developed by the genius of 
a Socrates, an Aristotle, or a Cicero. Attached to their native soil, the 
Pelasgians seldom ventured upon maritime expeditions, except when 
impelled by views of ambition or self-defence. The mighty empires of 
Greece and Rome were the residts of their genius and enterprise. 
Among their descendants at the present day we may include the mo- 
dern Greeks, who speak the Romaika language ; the Albanians or Schy- 
petars, whose dialect exhibits some traces of a Celtic origin ; the Walla- 
chians or Rouinouui, partly blended with the Sclavoniaus ; and perhaps 
also the great Celto-Latin nations, whose languages, such ns the Italian, 
French, Spanish, ami Provencal, though partly of Celtic origin, are now 
the principal vernacular languages of the south of Europe. 
2. GeHMANICUS. — GE ttMANS. 
Sijn. Race GoTinco-GERMANiQtiE. — Malte-Brun, Geog. Univ. 
Race Geiimanioue (BorEale). — Bory Ess. Zool. I. 129. 
This is the ttillcst of all the lapetan races, its medium height being 
from five feet ten i.oches to five feet eleven inches, and men are some- 
times found of six feet and a half in height. Their temperament is 
usually Iyra[ihatic ; the complexion ofteu animated ; the skin of a dazzling 
whiteness, sometimes approaching to albinism; the eyes usiually blue 
the hair very fine, straiglit, of a golden blonde, and becoming grey only 
at a very advanced age. Their frames are well-proportioned, the tissues 
soft, and overloaded with fat. The men are robust, brave, accustomed 
to fatigue, but often passion.a'cly fond of fermented liquors. The women 
are tall, of strong make, fine complexion, and of remarkable embonpoint. 
“ La phiparf,” says Col. Bory de Saint- Vincent, “ rcp.indent nne odeur 
qu’ il cst difficile de qu.alificr, mais qni rappello celle de la chair des ani- 
maux fraichement depoces ; elles sont r.iremeiit nuliiles avant seize a dix 
sept ans, passent pour avoir certaines voies fort larges, accouchent con- 
sequemment aveo phis de facilite quo les femmes de la race Cedtique, et 
n’ out on general que pen de ce qni, chez cos derniiires, ganiit on ahon- 
dance certaines parties dit corps (pte doivent cacher les ajustemciis.” 
Two great branches of Germans, the Teutonic and Sclavonian, became 
distinguished at a remote age. 
«. TEUTONtCOl!. — TEOTONIC RaCES. 
Syn. Var. Teutons. — Bory Ess. Zool. I. 1.32. 
H. Japeticus d. GEa.MANicus Fisfli. Syii. Mam. 2. 
The Teutonic races exhibit the German physical characters already 
enumerated lit their greatest purity. Naturally gay, and of a jovial tem- 
per, they are fond of good cheer and spiritous liquors. With much 
fiankness and loyalty, they are brave, warlike, capable of executing the 
most daring enterprises, determined enemies to slavery, and very piinc- 
tih'ous as to points of lionour. To them we owe the practice of duelling ; 
end their females have always enjoyed the highest degree of influence and 
consideration. 
Under the name of Cimbri, the Teutonic race penetrated into Scan- 
'^inavia; and the Suenones, afterwards the Goths, who descended towards 
the south of Europe, upon the feeble remnants of the Roman empire, 
I'ave left in Gaul, Italy, and Spain, numerous traces of their invasions. 
Gther tribes under the names of Saxons, Dane?, and Normans, ravaged 
the coasts of the British Isles and Gaul, then inhabited by Celts and 
Romans, and even extended their incursions to the territories of Italy 
end Greece, where they formed permanent settlements. Further to the 
eorth they became the Borucsi, and under the name of Norwegians and 
Swedes, extended their domains to Iceland, Norway, ami the regions of 
R'e Arctic circle. Of their modern languages, we need only particu- 
larize the English, the German, the Dutch, the Flemish, the Swensk 
ct Swedish, Dansk or Danish, tlie Frieslandic, Icelandic, Norse, Dalska, 
and the innumerable Germanic dialects of central Europe. 
The love of liberty has always been a ruling passion among the Teu- 
tonic race.?, and this feeling has extended alike to their political and re- 
'■gious institutions. “ Their opinions were not blindly received from 
priests, nor was their liberty of action fettered by chiefs."* * Nearly all the 
nations of Teutonic origin profess the doctrines of the Reformed Church 
as being more congenial to the freedom of their opinions. The Anglo- 
American colonists, and their descendants, preserve undiniinished the 
haughty and unyielding spirit of their Saxon .ancestors. 
13. SlAVONICUS. — S ci.AVONIAN Races. 
Syn. Var. Sceavone. — B ory Ess. Zool. I. 135. 
H. Japeticus e .Si.avonicus. — Fiscli. Syn. Mam. 3. 
Race SclavOnne. — Malte-Brun, Geo". Univ. 
Icon. Blumenb. Dec. Cran. III. t. 22. (Skull of a Lithuanian.) 
The traits and manners of the genuine Sclavonian are still forcibly 
impressed upon the Muscovite Russians, the Polanders, Lithuanians, 
and Bohemians. Witli eyes commonly brown, and the colour of the 
hair rather dark, their cheek-bones are somewhat prominent, the nose 
often slightly turned tqiwards, their eyes piercing, their voice strong 
and coarse. They are in gener.al of an elevated stature, sometimes 
middle-sized; their step is masoulitie, and their temperament usually bilious 
or lym]diiitic. C.apahle of enduring the greatest fatigue, hospitable, and 
brave, they are, at the same time, ignorant, idle, and cuimiiig. The 
women do not receive the same high consideration and respect as among 
the Teutonic races, .md they linve still preserved that habit of sitting with 
cro.?sed legs, indicative of an Asiatic origin. Indeed, to use the words of 
Gibbon, “tliey seem to unite the manners of the Asiatic barbarians with 
the figure and complexion of the ancient inhabitants of Europe." 3 
Some of their tribes, such as the Cossacks, maintain at the present 
day the same habits of plunder as the Scythians their neighbours, 
with whom they are daily becoming more and more blended. For a 
long time the wandering Bohemians of Western Europe have preserved 
the predatory habits as well as the language of tlieir Sclavonian ances- 
tors. A branclt of the same race, emigrating into the regions occupied 
almost exclusively by the Teutonic tiibes, has established itself on the 
Elbe, where it still maintains unaltered the characteristics of the genuine 
Sclavoinan, in the little state of Bohemia. 
The two great branches of Germans, with a few tribes of genuine 
Scythians, though really of Oriental origin, are celebrated in the history of 
the middle ages as the Northern nations, and as such, became the scourge 
of the Roman Empire. Sedndinavia, so long censured as the great 
“ Northern hive,"' has been fully “ vindicated" of the charge by a modern 
writer. 
3. I.NDO-PiiRsici'S. — I nco-Pebsians. 
Les an'ciens Perses et les Indiens Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. f2. 
A certain degree of resemblance in the physical traits of the Persians 
and Indians, the vicinity of their geographical stations, and, above all, the 
remarkable affinity, which the Sanscrit and tlie Zend bear to each other, 
and to the Greek, the Latin, the Teutonic, the Gothic, and the Ice- 
landic, both in their roots and inflexions,* have led us to place the Hin- 
doos and Medo-Persians as subordinate branches of the lapetan races. 
«. iNDicus Hindoo Races. 
Syn. H. Indicds. — Fisch. Syn. Mam. .3 — Bory Ess. Zool. I. 225. 
Indoues. — Desnioul. Tab Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 81. 
Icon. Blumenb. Dec. Cran. VI. 53. (Skull of a young Bengalese Indian.) 
The Hindoos, or descendants of the ancient Indians,® though now 
mingled with many foreign races, occupy tlie finest and most exten- 
sive regions of the vast peninsula extending to tlie south of the Himalayan 
mountains. In respect to stature, they are very considerably below the 
average, being about five feet six inches. The traits of their physiognomy 
most forcibly resemble those of the other lapetans, and we should almost 
be led to place them in the same subdivision us the Germans, were it not for 
their colour, which is a very dark yellow, tending towards a bronze, and 
always with a slight olive tinge. The nose is aquiline, and never flat ; 
the mouth of middle size, with the teeth placed vertically in the gum; the 
lips thin and coloured ; the chin round, and usually marked with a slight 
dimple ; while the skin betrays, by its sudden paleness, the emotions of the 
individual. The eyes are large and round, with a yellowish cornea; the 
eye-lnshes very long ; the eye-brows narrow and arched ; the hair straight, 
long, and very black ; tlie ears well made, and of medium length ; the 
beard scanty. Their legs and feet are extremely elegant, especially among 
the women. Tlie latter are very short in the body, and elongated in the 
' Tacittts (Db Moribus Germanorura, Sec. 4.) notices the strong family likeness of the Ancient Germans. 
® Sir James Mackintosh’s History of England, vol. 1, c. 1, in Dr Lardner’s Cabinet Cyclopaidia. 
3 Gibbon’s Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, c. 42. . ■ , . n.-in i , , , 
* The “ Officina Gentium," and “ Fagina Nationum," of Jornandes, c. 4. The opinion that the Goths were of Scandinavian origin has been too hastily adopted by 
Uibhon and Montesquieu. „ , . rr i o . r. 
® Adelung’s Mithridates, and Klaproth’s Asia Polyglotta, passim. Also, Paul de St Bartholome Dissert, de Antiq. ct Af5n. Lmguarum Zend., Sanscr., et German, 
(fide Malte-Brun). . . 
fi M. Broo arranges the Hindoos, with great impropriety, among the Mongolians, with whom they have little affinity, excepting in colour. 
33 
