136 
ORDER BIMANA.— GENUS HOMO. 
has been latterly confined to a race of Negroes, occupying the country to 
tlie south-east of Africa, called Caft'raria, which extends from the Cape of 
Good Hope to Monomotapa. 
The races inhabiting tins extensive district dilfer alike from the Ethio- 
pians, the Hottentots, and the Aramenn races, which adjoin them. The 
skull of the Caffre exhibits an elevated arch, like that of the European ; 
the nose, far from being flattened, approaches to the aquiline form. He 
has the thick lips of the Ethiopian, and the high cheek-bones of the 
Hottentot ; his curly hair is less woolly than that of the Negro, and his 
beard stronger than that of the Hottentot. In general he is tall and 
well-made : with the skin not quite so black as in the Negro, and is 
usually in the habit of painting his face and entire body with a red ochre. 
The height of the females contrasts forcibly with that of the males, for 
scarcely do they attain the stature of a European female, though in other 
respects they are equally well-formed. The limbs of a well-made Caftre 
present that rounded and graceful contour which wo admire in the an- 
tique statues of the Pehasgian races ; bis countenance is mild and lively. 
The Caffre girls are highly esteemed for their beauty, and form an import- 
ant branch of a disgraceful export trade. The clothes of the Caffres are 
ni.ade ol skins, and their ornaments consist of ivory or copper rings, which 
they carry on the left arm or in the ears. Cattle form their principal 
wealth, although the cidtivation of the soil, performed exclusively by the 
females, yields no inconsiderable portion of their sustenance.' 
All the Caffres are very warlike and active, fond of long journeys, 
either to visit their friends, or merely from the restless desire of change. 
The Betjouunas have already exhibited some rude approaches towards 
civilization. Their countenances are intelligent; their memory reten- 
tive ; and they exhibit no small degree of inquisitiveness during their in- 
tercourse with strangers. Tbcii priests, the chief of whom is second 
only to the king, preside over certain religious ceremonies, such as the 
circumeisinii of the male inlauts, the consecration of cattle, and predic- 
tions of the future. They are unacquainted with the art of writins: their 
arithmetic is confined to addition ; they count on their fingers, and have 
no signs of a decimal notation. The form of their houses distinguishes 
them most advantageously from the other nations of Southern Africa, 
and some considerable towns are occasionally to be found, with a popu- 
lation of several thousands. 
The Koussas have a decided attachment for a pastoral life ; yet they 
do not hesitate to take up arms in defence of their country, and have 
successfully resisted the attacks of Europeans. The Maroutzas and Ma- 
kinis manufacture the dresses, ornaments, arms, and domestic implements 
of the other tribes. Hence the Caffre races would appear to have ad- 
vanced further in civilization than any of the Eithiopian races, though 
none of them have yielded their faith to the exertions of the Christian 
missionaries. Some Caffre families have emigrated to the southern ex- 
tremity of the Island of Madagascar. 
The language of the Caffres is sonorous, rich in vowels and aspirations, 
with very few of those harsh guttural sounds which render the Hotten- 
tot dialect so disagreeable to foreigners. 
C. HOMO CAPENSIS — HOTTENTOTS & BUSHMEN. 
Syn. Hottentot. — Less. Mam. 27. 
H. Mottentotus. — Bory, Ess. Zool. II. I l.'J. 
AusTKO-AFaiCAiNE — Desmoul. Tab. 
Icon. Blumenb. Dec. Cran. V. t. 55. (Skull of a Bushman Hottentot.) 
Geofl’. et F. Cuv.^ Hist. Mam. (Femme Boscliesmanne) ; and Peron, 
Voy. pi. 57. 
The Hottentots of Southern Africa present the widest divergence in 
their physical traits, as well as in their anatomical characters, from the 
White races of Europe ; and in many respects assume the characteristics 
of the Orangs, and larger Apes. As we find in the Genus Macacus, the 
bones of the nose are united, according to Lichtenstein, into a single 
scaly lamina, flattened, and much broader than in any other human skull. 
The olecranon cavity of the humerus is also pierced with a hole; and 
the front teeth with their alveolae are oblique. 
The complexion of the Hottentot is more or less brown or yellowish- 
brown, but never black. His bead is small, the cheek-bones very pro- 
minent, the eyes sunk, and the sclerotica pure white; the face, very 
broad above, ends in a point, the nose is flat, the lips thick, and the teeth 
very white. He is well made and tall, with small hands and feet in pro- 
portion to the rest of his body. The hair is black, curly, or woolly ; but 
in many tribes, instead of covering the surface of the scalp, it is collected 
into small tufts, at certain distances from each other, resembling the pen- 
cils of a stiff shoe-brush, only curled and twisted into hard and round 
lumps. When allowed to grow it forms small tassels like the fringe of a 
curtain. The Hottentot is almost destitute of beard, his cars are directed 
backwards, and tbe concha is so small that no part of that organ is visible 
in front. The form of the foot is very different from that of an Ethio- 
pian or Caffre, and the impre.ssion of a Hottentot foot on the sand in 
consequence is readily recognised. 
The Boschismans. or Bushmen, called Saabs by some of the native 
tribes, seem to have been separated from the proper Hottentots at a very 
remote era. These races having been hunted like wild beasts by the 
colonists, and drivmn to tlic deserts, exist only by bunting or plunder. 
They live in caverns, and clothe themselves with the skins of animal.s 
killed in the chase, while their industry is confined to the fabrication of 
poisoned arrows and fishing-nets. They exist in the extreme of wretch- 
edness ; their meagre limbs and famished appearances betray the privations 
to which they are reduced. They remain without leaders, without jtro- 
perty, or even a social tie, excepting the transient passion of the moment." 
We must here notice the existence of two singular anomalies in the 
organization of the fem.ale Boschismans; these are the extraordinary size of 
their haunches, and that remarkable prolongation of the sexual organ, 
vulgarly called the aprort. 
In respect to the first of these peculiarities, Le Vaillant assures us that 
he saw it in a girl of three years old.' The large projection of her 
haunches consisted in a fleshy and adipose tissue, oscillating at every 
movement of the body like a tremulous jelly. The mother while walk- 
ing occasionally places her infant upon this protuberance, and Le Vaillant 
observed one female running while her child stood upon the haunch, like 
the groom behind a cabriolet. 
The female Boschisman, exhibitedin Paris during the year 1815, mea- 
sured about nineteen inches across the haunches, while the hips pro- 
jected full seven inches, a peculiarity which was afterwards found to 
proceed from a large nias.s of fat placed immediately under the skin." 
According to Peron, the apron of the Boschisman female has nothing 
in common with the ordinary sexual organs as observed in the females of 
other nations ; w hile, according to the Parisian anatomists, the peculiarity 
of the female already alluded to consisted merely in an unusual develop- 
ment of the nymph®. The labia were slightly pronounced, and inter- 
cepted an oval of 4.26 incites in length. From the upper angle there 
descended between them a half-cylindrical eminence about 1.6 inches in 
length, and .53 in thickness, the lower extremity of which enlarging be- 
came forked, and was prolonged into two fleshy petals, about 2.66 inches 
in length, and 1.06 inches in breadth ; each of them rounded on the 
summit ; their bases enlarging and descending along the internal margin 
of the great labium, on its side, and changing into a fleshy crest which 
terminated at the low'er angle of the labium. On raising these two ap- 
pendages, they formed together the figure of a heart, with long arrd nar- 
row lobes, the centre of wlrich was occupied by the vulva. It may be 
readily seen on comparing this descriirtion with the analogous parts in the 
European female, that the two fleshy lobes which form the apron are 
formed at the upper part by the clitoris and the summits of the nytnpha:, 
while in all the remainder of their extent they consist merely in atr ex- 
cessive growth of the nymphm. This view of the srrbject is corrfirmed 
by the fact that the length of the nymphtc varies greatly even in Europe, 
and in general becomes more considerable in warm climates, and that the 
Negro and Abyssinian females are sometimes incommoded to such a de- 
gree as to be compelled to extirpate tbem by fire or amputation. The 
amount of this development observes no constant law among the Boschis- 
mans. Blumenbach stares that he is in possession of drawings of the 
organs which were 8.5 inches in length, and they vary frequently in re- 
spect to their form. 
This excrescence is evidently not the result of art, as .t 11 the Boschis- 
man females possess it in their earliest youth ; and the female already' 
mentioned concealed it, so carefully, and as though it were a deforniity'i 
that its existence was not even suspected until .after her death. 
The countenance of this Boschisman female presented an odious com- 
bination of the Mongolian and Negro features. Her muzzle projected 
still more than in the Negro, .and the face was more flattened than in the 
Calmuck; while the bones of her nose were smaller than in either. He 
breasts hung downwards in large masses, oblitiiicly terminated by a black- 
ish areola, about 4.3 inches in diameter, furrowed with radiated stri®. 
the centre of which appeared a flat and almost obliterated nipple. 
' Lichtenst. Reise II. 
•■i Geoff, et F. Cov. Hist. Mam — Ilistoire Naturelle des Mammiferes. Par M. Groffroy-Sainto-Hilaire ; et par M. Frederic Cuvier. Paris \’ Y 
^ Barrow’s Narrative of a Journry amongst the Uoushouanas ; and Campbell’s Second Journey. * 
A Le Vaill. Voy. — Voyage dans iTnterieur de 1 Afnque, par le Cap de Bonne- Esperance 1° Voyage, Paris, 1790. 2“ Voy.ige, 1795 
® Geoff, et F. Cuv. Hist. Mam. Femme BoscH. p. 5. 
