140 
ORDER BIMANA.— GENUS HOMO. 
D. HOMO PAPUENSIS— I’APOOS & TASMANIANS. 
Sy». H. Neptcnianus, Pai OUE (intoi-ni^diaire) — Ilory, Ess. Zool. I. 303. 
Papoiias et Papous — Q,uoy et Gaim.* * Zool. do I’Uran. p. 1 Less, et 
Garn. Zool. de la Coq. I. 84. 
Papoue. — Desmoul. Tab. 
Icon. Q.uoy et Gaim. Voy. de I’Astr. pi. 4, fig. 4 and' 5. (Natives of New 
Guinea), and Voy. de I’Uran. pi. 1. and II. 
Peron, Voy. pi. 4 to 8. (Natives of Van Diemen’s Land.) 
The races who inhabit the shores of the islands ofWaijoo, Salwatty, 
Gaiiiinen,and Balenta, and all the northern coast of New Guinea, from Point 
.Sabelo to Cape Dory, are known by the name of Papoos. Their hair 
and the general colour of the skin hold medium characters between those 
of the Malays and Oceanic Negroes, from the intermixture of whom they 
have in all probability originated. Their existence as a distinct race, 
though noticed by Dampier in 1C99, was not lully recognised until the 
first voyage of MM. Quoy and Gaimard. 
The Papoos are in general of medium stature, and tolerably well-made, 
though some individuals are seen with feeble and meagre limbs. The 
colour of the skin is not black, but rather a deep brown, midway between 
the tints of the Malay and Oceanic Negro. Their hair is very black, 
neither straight nor curled, hut woolly, tolerably fine, and frizzled, which 
gives to their head an extraordinary voluminous appearance, especially 
when they neglect turning it up behind. The beard is scanty, but 
very black on the upper lip ; the pupil of the eye is of the same colour. 
Although the nose is slightly flattened, the lips thick, and the cheek- 
bones prominent, their physiognomy is not disagreeable. Hated by the 
other races, as being a kind of hybrids, they live with the adjoining tribes 
in a continuous and permanent state of distrust, and wander about armed 
with a bow and two or three large quivers filled with arrows. Suspicion, 
hatred, and all the passions which naturally arise from their situation, are 
forcibly depicted on their countenances ; and, as with all the other black 
races, the instinctive faculties exhibit a marked prevalence over the moral 
or intellectual The women, with a few exceptions, are unusually ugly, 
and compelled by their despotic masters to perform all the offices of 
slavery. 
The Papoos of the Bouka Islands, New Britain, and Port Praslin, 
w ear no garments of any kind. The natives of Dorery and the north of 
New Guinea are exceptions to this custom, and procure cotton fabrics, 
dyed blue or red by the Malays, in exchange for birds of paradise, tor- 
toise-shell, or slaves. These nations .are in the habit of covering the 
chest and shoulders with elevated and paiiillated cicatrices, arranged in 
curved or straight tines, according to some regular pattern. 
Some tribes of New Guinea, Waijoo and Booka, give their hair that 
singular frizzled appearance, which has been regarded by some as charac- 
teristic of the Papoo race. Other tribes, however, such as those of 
llony in New Guinea, of New Britain, and New Ireland, permit their 
hair to fall upon the shoulders in tangled and flowing masses. 
In general, the Papoos are foqd of daubing the hair and face with a 
composition of red oclire and grease, v'ariegating the breast and face 
with transverse bands of earth of coral. Diflferent from the Polynesians, 
the practice of tattooing is but sparingly adopted, and they confine 
themselves to tracing a few scattered lines upon the arms or the lips 
of their females. Ornaments of every kind are anxiously sought, and 
worn indiscriminately on the head, breasts, and arms. Bracelets of a daz- 
zlingwhiteness. made with great skill and beautifully polished, are frequent- 
ly to be seen ; but these are probably procured merely from the larger ex- 
tremity of those enormous Cones which are plentifully found in the sur- 
rounding seas. They pierce the nostril occasionally for inserting some 
small ornament. The custom of chewing the betel, with areca and lime, 
has been partially introduced from their intercourse with the Malays. 
The Papoos of Dorery and Waijoo have a peculiar taste for carving 
idols, which they place on their tombs, in particular parts of their cabins, 
as well as on the prows of their canoes. Their religion is a pure Fetish- 
ism, though a few traces of the Mahometan rites may be noticed. 
Their barbarous and guttural dialects wholly differing from tribe to 
tribe, are as unintelligible to each other as the)' are to foreigners. 
To this division once belonged the aboiigines of Van Diemen’s Land, 
now said to be exterminated by the colonists. Their contrast to the 
New Hollanders already described is singular. Perou remarks that in 
passing from Van Diemen’s Land to .New Holland, one is at once struck 
by the extraordinary difference between them. They have absolutely 
nothing in common, whether in their manners, customs, arts, instruments 
for hunting or fishina, dwellings, canoes, arms, the form of the skull, the 
proportions of the face, or their language. This remarkable dissimilarity 
prevails likewise in their colour. The indigenous inhabitants of Van Die- 
men’s Land are much browner than those of New Holland ; the former 
have short, woolly, and curly hair; among the latter it is straight, long, 
and smooth. 
The many points of resemblance which t'tiese proper Ttismanians 
of Van Diemen's Lund bear to the Pupoo.s of New Guinea, have induced 
us to include them in the same division. They have the same habit of 
painting their hair with a red ferruginous earth; of elevatirrg small cica- 
trices upon the skin ; of cooking their food ttpon wood fires ; of living un- 
covered upon tire ground without shelter alottg side of large fires ; of fab- 
ricating elegatrt baskets with twigs of trees; and of lashionittg small 
ornanrertts, especially a kind of ear-rittg called rodray. They are poly- 
gamous, and constrtret cortical buildings over the tombs of their deceased 
relations. 
Though exposed to a rigorous climate, they seldom build cabins for 
themselves, but merely raise a temporary shelter from the wittds with the 
bark of a tree. 
Their lurrguage differs so rentarkably front the barbarous and inttume- 
rable dialects of .Australia, that M. Labillardiere at once declared them to 
be of a different origin.* 
E. HOMO HYPEIIBOIIEUS.— HYPERBOREANS. 
Syn. Les HAitTANS eu Nord des deux COKTtNEXTs Cuv. Reg. Anim. I- 
85. 
H. ScYTHtcus '/. HYPEtiBOttEUS. — I'isch. Syn. Mam. 5. 
H. Hypeuboreus (in part). — Bory, Ess. Zool. I. 262. 
Hyperboreen ou EstUMAU (in part). — Less. Mam. 25. 
H ypereoreen'NE. — Desmoul. Tab. 
Icon. Cook and King, Voy. pi. LXXV. and LXXVI. (Natives of Kanbts- 
chatka.) PI. XXXVIII. and XL. (Natives of Nootka Sound.) Pl* 
XLA'I. and XLVl 1. (Natives of Pr. William’s Sound.) PI. XL VI If 
and XLIX. (Natives of Oonalashka.) 
Desmoul. Hist, des R. Hum. pi. 1 and 2. 
The obscure tribes wbicit inhabit the northern extremity of the old 
continerrt under the names of Samoids, Yookagbirs, Koriaks, Tchooktclies 
or Karntclratdales, and under the name of Esquimaux, have wattdered 
in North America as far to the southward as Nootka Sound, Labrador, 
and the frontiers of Canada, belong to the Hyperborean races.^ 
The inhabitants of these desolate regions tire of very small stature, 
their medium height being about four feet nine inches. Their persons 
are sliort and thickly made, witli short legs, a large and flat head, the 
lower part of the face projecting greatly, the moutli wide, the cars large> 
and tlie beard very scanty. Their eyes are small, black, and angular ; the 
skin olive-coloured and sliining with grease. Their hair, black and 
bristly, is arranged, however, with much care. The men have a very 
harsh voice, nearly resembling that of the Ethiopian Negroes. 
women, apparently very ugly to European eyes, are nearly of the same 
height as the men, and comparatively more muscular. Tbeit soft, pm’" 
dant, and pear-shaped maminm are very long from their earliest youth, 
and can be tlirown over the shoulder to suckle their infants, which arc 
usually carried on the back. Tlie areolte are large, the nipples long, 
wrinkled, and black as coal. They arrive very late at the period c* 
puberty. “ Absohiment glabrcs, oxcepte stir ia tele, elles accouebeot 
avec une extreme facilite, ce que tierit a une telle dilatation de ccrtarnc® 
voles, qu'on a dit qu’elles elargissaient artificiellenient ces patties en f 
portant sans cesse enfoncee une enonne cheville en bois."* 
The complexions of all the Hyperborean races are much darker tbao 
tliose of the nations of Euro[)e and Central Asia, and are generally 
blaoker in proportion as they approach the Pole. It is not rare to fi'*“ 
tribes living near the seventieth degree of latitude, who are deeper in 
than the Hottentots at the opposite extremity of tlie Old Continent, ano 
almost as dark as the Ethiopians of its equatorial regions. 
These tribes, though ever wandering from place to place, fed 
strong attachment for their native wastes which incapacitates them fre®’ 
existing in the temperate regions of the globe. Clad in furs from bead I® 
foot, the Hyperborean fishes for his subsistence, or maintains cxtensi''® 
herds of Rein-deer, 'flie Dog, after undergoing castration, shares 
labours or draws his sledge. On the borders of the Northern Ocean, 
‘ Quoy et Gaim. Zoot. de l Uran. Voyage autuur Je la monde sur la corvette I’Uranie et la Physicienne, par M. Frcyciiiet; Zoologie, par MM. Quoy et GainnU' 
Paris. 1824, et suit. ^ _ j < i j o c 
* For a further account of this race, consult Peron's Voyage, and Labillardiere (Voyage a la recherche de la Pfirouse), passim. _ 
3 E. Sabine in the Journal of Science, Xlll. , Captain Parry s Journal of a Third Voyage; Captain Sir John Ross’ Voyage of Discovery; and Scorcsbys * 
Regions. 
1 Bory, Ess. Zool. I. 262. 
