.'58 
ORDER QUADRUMANA.— GENUS SEMNOPITHECUS. 
a snowy whiteness, and terminating in a large tuft of hair. This animal 
is rather more than three feet in height when standing ertet. Its limbs 
are very slender. 
2. COLOBUS FERKUGINEUS.— BAY THU.MBLESS-APE. 
Si/n^ StMlA FERBCGINEA. — Shaw, Gen. Zool. — Fisdi. Syn. Mam. 
CoLOBiis FERRC'GiNOSDS. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX Desm. Mam. 
COLOBirs TE.MJnscKii. — Kuhl Beitr — Desm. aiain. 
Bay Mo.nkey. — P enn. Quadr. 
Icon, 
SPI'XiriC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair dark bay on the back, light bay beneatli and on the cheeks, 
black on the top of the head, and on the limbs. 
The Tail black. 
Inhabits Sierra Leone. 
This animal, first described by Pennant along with the preceding, was 
conjectured hy Buffon, Lacepede, and Desmarest, to be merely a variety 
of t'.ie Royal Thumbless- Ape (1); its specific reality has, however, been 
recently proved by M. Temminck, as well as its identity with Colohus 
Temmiuckii. 
3. COLOBUS RUPPELII.— MANTLED THUMBLESS-A1>E. 
Syn. et Icon. Colobus Gcereza. — R upp. None Wirbelih.' 
SPECIFIC characters. 
The Hair of the body, face, top and binder part of the head and 
limbs, black ; the chin, neck, side of the head, and margin of the forehead, 
white; a mantle of long white hair, hanging from the shoulder.', sides, 
and crupper, covering tlie thotax, loins, and thighs. 
The Tail with the first half black, ending in a long white tuft. 
The Callosities black, edged with wliite. 
Inhabits Abyssinia. 
The Mantled Colohus® is found in small families on the loftiest trees 
usually in the ncighbouriiood of running water. It is active, lively, and 
taciturn, generally of a harmless disposition, and not inflicting those de- 
predations upon the cultivated fields so common among the other Apes. 
Its food consists of fruits, grain, and insects ; curing tlie whole day, it 
is occupied in seeking its food, at night it sleeps on the trees. The 
agility of this Ape is great. Ruppell witnessed downward leaps of forty 
feet in height. The Thumbless-Ape of Ahy'sinia is found only in the low 
grounds of the Provinces of Godj.im, Kulla, and especially in Damot. The 
natives of the last named place hunt these animals regularly at stated 
periods, and the singular mantle is considered among them as a mark 
of distinction, and worn as an ornament upon ihcir leathern bucklers. 
Gnerezais the name by wbicli this Ape is known to the Abyssinians. 
The face, eyes, top of the bead, neck, the interscapular region, 
shoulders, breast, abdoii.en, the first half of the tail, the limbs, and feet, are 
of a beautiful velvet black. The edge of the forehead, the temporal 
region, the side of the neck, chin, and throat, are of a snowy whiteness, as 
is also the singular mantle composed of long silky hairs, extending from 
tlie shoulders and sides of the body upon the chest, abdomen, and 
haunches. There is likewise a white margin round the black callosities 
of the buttocks. The hinder lialf of the tail is very bushy and white. 
Each hiiir is marked with several grey rings, which gives it a silvery grey 
appearance. On the hands and face, white hairs are mixed upon a dark 
ground. The liair above tlie head is long and soft to the touch ; the 
white hair on the sides of the body, forming the mantle, is more than a 
foot in length. Tlie callosities, the soles of the feet, and nails, are black ; 
each nail is rather long, convex, and compressed. The colours of the 
sexes or of the young do not vary ; but in the young females, the 
hail of their mantle is rather shorter. The length of the adult from the 
point of the nose to tlie base of the tail is* * two feet and a half; and the 
tail is as long as the body. 
I.MAGINARY SPECIES. 
1. C. Temminckii (Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX., and Desm. Mam.j, rest- 
ing upon a single specimen in Bullock’s Museum, now in the possession of 
M. Temminck, is identical with C. ferriiginea according to the latter. 
GENUS VII. SEMNOPITHECUS."— SOLEMN-APES. ' 
Syn. Les Semnopitheques.— F. Cuv.+ DtntsdesMam. p. 14. — Cuv. Reg. 
Anim. I. 9.3. 
Semnopithecl'S. — Desm. Mam. Suppl Isid. Geoff, in Belang. Voy. 
Lasiopvga, and Cehcopithfcu.s (in part) lllig. Prodr. — Desm. Mara. 
Pygathbix and Cehcopithecii.s (in part). — Gioff. Ann. Mus. XiX. 
SlsiiA (in part). — Linn. Gmel. 1. — Fiscli. Syn. Alam, 
GINEEIC CHABACTERS. 
The Muzzle very short. The Nose scarcely projecting. 
The Limbs long. The Body slender and elongated. 
The Tail very long. 
The Hands pentadactylous ; the anterior narrow and very long, with 
the anterior thumbs very short. 
The Callosities always present. 
The Ciieek-pocches rudimentary or altogether wanting. 
The Hair very long and abundant. 
The Last Molar of the lower jaw with five tubercles. 
iNHABtT the East Indies. 
The Solemn-Apes differ from the Guenons in having a small ad- 
ditional tubercle in the last molar tooth of the lower jaw. They 
are peculiar to the Oriental countries, while their elongated limbs, 
and especially their very long tail, give them a singular air. Their 
muzzle scarcely projects more than in the Gibbons, and they are 
equally provided with callosities. Further, they appear to be almost 
destitute of cheek pouches. Tlieir larynx is supplied with a sac. 
Eleven species’ compose this natural group, first instituted by M. Fre- 
deric Cuvier, after a careful examination of the Entcllus SoIcmn-Ape (2). 
The dentition of all the species has not yet been carefully verified. 
Tliat of the Negro Solemn-Ape (.5) exhibits the following peculiarities : 
In the upper jaw, tlie first two incisors are nearly of the same size and 
form. The canine following them immediately afterwards is slightly 
longer, terminating in a point, and presenting on its internal border a 
strong worn-down surface, which renders its margins trenchant in some 
degree. The first and second fahe molars usually exhibit a point on their 
external and an oblique plane on their internal surface. The three fol- 
lowing molars arc each composed of four liihercles formed by a very deep 
transverse furrow, and a longitudinal furrow which is less deep than the 
former, and cuts it at right angles. These three teeth are nearly of the 
same size. In the lower jaw, the two incisors are similar to, though 
slightly broader than, those of the op|!Osite jaw. The canine is pointed 
and slightly stronger than the opposite one, and also presents a single 
oblique plane on its internal surface. '1 he first false molar is usually 
composed of a single obtuse point, though sometimes we may remark a 
small heel behind the point. The second false molar resembles the first, 
its crown being merely someivhat flatter. Of the two real molars which 
follow, the first is the smaller, and both of them are composed of four tu- 
bercles, resembling those in the opposite jaw, already described. Lastly, 
the tliird molar, which is the largest, besides its four tubercles, has a filth, 
in the form of a heel at the hindermost (lart. 
The Solemn-Apes are remarkable for mildness of disposition, great 
intelligence, and a slowness of motion quite opposed to the vivacity and 
petulance of the Guenons. It is in India, and chiefly in the islands of 
the Indian Archipelago, that these animals are found in great numbers. 
They are treated by the natives with a kind of religious veneration, which 
they probably owe to the mildness of their manners and the gravity of 
their deportment. Some of the animals composing this genus have been 
for a long time confounded -with the Guenons ; but the most of them ar 
only very recently discovered, 'fhe anatomical investigations of Dr A- 
W. Otto (Nov. Act. Acad. Cur. XH.)® have proved that in one species 
at least (9) the stomach is more than tliree times as large as in the Gue- 
nons, and that it differs from theirs equally in its structure, its form, and 
volume. The left portion forms a broad cavity, while the right is nar- 
row, and convoluted so as perfectly to resemble an intestine, and tlie 
entire organ is so very considerable, that its whole curvature measures 
not less than two feet and three or four inches. It fiuther resembles an 
intestine from being fixed hy two well marked muscular bands, one placed 
along each portion, and as these bands are much narrower than the stomach 
itself, the walls of that organ usually expand and form, as in the colon, an 
' Rupp. Nebe Wikbelth. — Npup W irbeltliiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinicn gcbilrig, von Dr Edward Ruppull. Frankfurt am Main, 1837. 
* Ludolphius (iEtbiop. I. c. 10) notices tins Ape under tbe title of ** Animalculum e genere eoruni, qute Hoilandi Sanguinem vocant.” His indifferent figure is erro 
neously referred by Erxleb. n (Syst. p. b7) to tbe Hapale Jacehus — Salt appears to have seen a fragment of the Skin (Travels in Abyssinia, Appendix, p. 41) ; and Betinet 
mistook it for the Colotms comatus. 
5 .Semnopithccus, from aiii'A;. semnos, solemn, and pithex, an ape. 
t F. Ccv. Dents des JIam. — Des dents des iil.mmiifferes eonsiderecs comme caraet^res Zoologiqucs, par M. F. Cuvier. Strasbourg et Paris, 1825. 
’ Only S1.X species, in addition to Nasalis larvatus, were known to the Baron Cuvier. Temminck admits the number stated in tlie text. The lists of British Systt-in 
atie writers are very defective in respect to this genus, in no instance extending beyond six species. , 
6 Nov. Act. Acad. Cur. — Nova Acta Physieo-^Iediea Academiat Ctcsaretc Leopoidino-Carolintn Natural Curiosorum — 1757 et seq. Dr Otto’s Memoir will be fotm 
in Vol. XII. published in 1825. 
