THE SOLEMN- APES. 
159 
uninterrupted course of spacious compartments, tied by small muscular 
fibres, which gradually lose themselves transversely between the muscular 
bands. 
Other species of Semnopithecus have more recently been dissected by 
Professor Uuvornoy of Strasbourg, who finds their stomachs equally 
voluminous and remarkable in their form, though slightly different from 
those already described. 
These animals are said to feed chiefly on leaves ; a kind of provision for 
which the structure of their stomach appears specially adapted, in some 
respects approaching to that observed in the Ruininaniia. Their cheek- 
pouches are so small, that they can hardly be said to exist. 
1. SEMNOPITHECUS NEM.EUS,— COCHIN-CHINA SOLEMN- 
APE. 
Syii. Le Douo Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. p. 93. 
Pygatihux NeM/ECs Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 
I.AsiOFYGA Ni;M.®ns Illig. Prodr. — Desm. Mam. 
SiMiA Nktiaius. — Linn. Gmel. I. SL 
Semnopithecus Nem^eus. — F. Cuv. Mam, — Geoff Cours — Isid. Geoff 
in Bdlang. Voy. 
CoemN-Cin.VA Monkey Penn. Quadr. — Shaw, Gen. Zool. 
/con. Le Douc. — Audeb. .Sing, 
Douc femelle. — F. Cuv. et Geoff Hist. Mam. 
Buff. Hist. Nat. XIV. pi. 41. 
SPECll'IC CIlAKACTEaS. 
The IIaie of tlie body, upper parts of the bead and arms, of a slate- 
grey, faintly dotted with black ; the fore-arms, throat, tail, and a triangu- 
lar space on the riinip, pure white; the thighs, fingers, and backs of 
the hands, black ; the thighs and tarsi of a bright red ; tlie face light 
orange; a red and black collar more or less complete round the neck; 
tufts of yellowish or whitish hairs on the cheeks. 
Iniiaeits Cochin-China. 
This species, ktiown long previously to any of the remainder, is 
remarkable for the bright and varied colours of its hair. 
M. Diard brought several s|)ecimens from Cochin-China to Europe, of 
different ages and sexes, thereby proving that they do not underso any 
considerable variation, and at the same time correcting the error of BnfFon 
and Duuhenton, wiio refused callosities to this species.' The length of 
the adult is about two feet three inches, exL-lusive of tlie tail ; hut un- 
fortunately we are as yet wholly nnacqnainted with its habits and man- 
ners. 
8. SEMNOPITHECUS ENTELLUS ENTELLUS SOLEMN-APE. 
■Sya. L’Enteei.e. — C uv. Ilvg. Anim. I. p. 94. 
CERCOViriiECUs Enteli.us Geoff .\mi. Mus. XIX Desm. Mam. 
Se-MNOPitiiecusEnteleus — F. Cuv. Mam.— Geoff. Cours Isid. Geoff. 
in Belaiig. Voy. 
SiMiA Entellus. — D nfresne, in Bulletin de la Soci^te Pliifomatique for 
1797.— Fisdi. Syn. Mam. 
/con, L’Entelle (young) Audeb. Sing. 
Entelle male (young) L’Entelle vieux (adult) F. Cuv. et Geoff. 
Hist. Mam. 
SPECll'IC CHARACTERS. 
THE ADUt.T. 
Hair of the body yellowish-grey, mixed with black hairs on the 
hack and limbs ; straw-yellow, approaching to orange, on the sides ; black 
fiairs on the eyebrows directed prominently forwards ; the tail almost 
black. 
THE YOUNG. 
Hair of the body nearly wliite, interspersed with black and yellowish 
"airs ; a white beard directed forwards. 
The Face and Hands naked. The Skin blueish-black. 
Inhabits Hindoostan. 
"I Ills species, along with some others, is especially venerated in 
I'I'e religion of the Brahmins. 
It hears with them the ntunc of Iloulman, and holds a very respect- 
j ® place ;imong at least thirty thousand divinities. Towards the end of 
^^'e wet season it becomes very plentiful in Bengal. I’he pious votaries 
Bramah permit their gardens to be wasted, and their tables stripped 
before their eyes, by herds of Entellus Monkeys, wliile the visits of the lat- 
ter, though doubtless inconvenient, are always reg<arded as a great honour. 
“ From the respect in wliicb the Entellus Monkeys are lield by the natives, 
it appears that, whatever ravages they may commit, the latter dare not 
venture to destroy them, and only endeavour to scare them away by their 
cries. Emboldened by this impunity, the Monkeys come down from the 
woods in large herds, and take possession of the produce of the husband- 
man’s toil with as little ceremony as though it bad been collected for their 
use ; for, with a degree of taste which dues them credit, they ptefer the 
cultivated fruits of the orchard to the wild ones of their native forests. 
Figs, cocoa-nuts, apples, pears, and even cabbages and potatoes, form 
their favinirite spoil. The numbers in which they assemble render it im- 
possible for the suftercr to drive them away without some more efficient 
means than he is willing to employ.''* 
It will he observed, that a considerable difference exists between the 
young and the :idnlt in the colour of the hair. In addition to the variations 
airc.ady noticed, the cranium undergoes considerable depression with in- 
creasing years ; it ceases to liave any forehead, and the profile view ex- 
hibits merely the arc of a large circle, so greatly do its cerebral contents 
diminish. These organic changes are followed by a corresponding varia- 
tion in the intellectual character. The young Entellus exhibits an aston- 
ishing degree of ponetr.atinn in perceiving the qualities of objects, a great 
susceptibility to kind usage, and an invincible propensity to obtain by cun- 
ning wliatever lie is miublc to acquire by force. In the adult mildness 
and apatliy resume the place of Ids former intelligence. Tlie old Entel- 
lus is fond of solitude, slow in ins movements, alike incapable cither of 
planning or executing any device to obtain ins object. 
The Entellus Solemn-Ape, as well as tlie Simpai (3) and tlie Negro 
(5), possesses a siih-guttiiral poucli, wliicli communicates with tlie 
larynx. Its clieek-poiiclies, if not altogetlier wanting, are at least very 
sliglitly developed. The caecum is long and capacious; tlie liver com- 
posed of unequal lohes ; tlie riglil lung luis four lobes, wliilo tlie left lias 
only tliree. Owing to the great length of its limbs, and especially of the 
liinder, and tlie general proportions of the body, it appears well adapted 
fur making prodigious leaps. 
Tile specimen brouglit by Tlninberg died on its passage liomewards, 
and tiiose lately in the Paris and London Zoological Gardens being un- 
able to endure tlie rigour of our climate, liave not long survived. 
.3. SEM.-' OPITHECU.S MELALOPHUS SIMPAI SOLEMN-APE. 
Si/n. Le CnMEPAYE Cuv. Reg. Anim. 1. 94. 
•Si.MiA .MELAI.OPHOS (SiilPAi). — Raffles, in Linn. Trans. XIII. 245 
Fisch. Syn. Mam. 
Semnopithecus melalophus Desm. Mam. Suppl. 
/con. Cimepaye (young). — F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist. Mam. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair of a very bright reddisli-brown above; whitish beneath; 
a crest with black hairs intermixed on the upper and hinder parts of the 
liead. 
The Face and Ears biueish. The Hands black. 
1nhabit,s Sumatra. 
Tlie Solemn- Ape, called Simpai by the Malays, from its cry, was first 
descrihod by onr distinguished countryman Sir Thomas S. Raffles, from 
specimens procured for iiini in tlie woods near Beiicooleii hy MM. Diard 
and Duvaucel. It is not less remarkable for its colours tlian for tlie pe- 
culiar sliapo of the face. The liair is very long, silky, and of a brilliant 
reddish-lirnwn on tlic hack, sides, neck, tail, tlie outer surfaces of its liml s, 
the backs of tlie liaiids, the foreliead, and clieeks. The cliest, abdomen, 
and the inner surfaces of the limbs, are wliitisli ; a circle, or ratlier a crest, 
of black liairs intermixed witli brown cover the upper and hinder parts of 
the head, and a few scattered black hairs may also be seen along the back 
and upon tlie slionldors. The face is bluoish as low as tlie upper lip ; 
botli lips and chin arc flesli-coloured. Tlie eyes are brown, the ears 
bhieish, like the face; the bunds are black beneath, and so are the callo- 
sif es. The hairs of tlie cliecks, directed backwards, form clioek-tufts ; 
the abdomen is almost naked ; and the liair on the inner surfaces of the 
limbs is very scanty when compared with that on tlie remainder of tl.a 
body. The length of tlie animal, exclusive of tlie tail, is about one foot 
seven inches, and the tail is Inng and tapering, exceeding thirty inches. 
The line of the face may be noticed as singularly straiglit and perpendi- 
cular, at least in the young. 
to Ijj, Lasiopyoa (from lasios, hairy, .nid wi/yw, P«ge, anus) was instituted by Illiger, to contain the Cochin-China Soleinr-Apc, which Buffon had stated 
“f I’"”"’ " ''1’^°''''"'' Hiard having sent several Cochin -Cliiiia Apes to the Natural History Jluseuui 
’The' h '* 'I"'y have c,illoiities. Henco the genus Lasiopyga of Illigi-r, founded upon this error, must he suppressed — Note of the Baron Cuvier. 
''vlume "haorvation applies equally to tho genus Pyoatiirix of Geoffroy ( .Yun. !\Jus.) .Sir William Jardine preserves the fictitious genus Lasiopyga throughout Irs 
and ^[nnki'ya in tho Naturalist's Library, published in 1833 ; tho error had, however, been corrected hy Fred. Cuvier (Hist. Mam. art. Douc.) as early as 182o, 
' a” p* *’y *^hn Baron Cuvier in tho S'oond Edition of tho Itcync Animat, which appeared in 1829. 
■ Bennett after Tliunberg (Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa, Upsal, 179.3), and Wolf (Residence in Ceylon, Berlin, 1782). 
