160 
ORDER QUADRUMANA.— GENUS SEMNOPITHECUS. 
4v SEMNOPITHECUS COM ATUS.— CRESTED SOLEMN-APE. 
Si/n. Le Cboo.' — C uv. Reg. ADim. I. 9i. 
SIMIA CRISTATA (Clll.VGKAu). — Raffles, in Linn. Trans. Xlll. 244. 
Presbytis MiTRATA. — Esdi-sdiolz, in Kotzeb. Voy. HI. p. 333. 
SiMlACOMATA Fisch. Syn. Mam. 
Icon. Croo. — F. Cuv. ei GeolV. Hist. Mam. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTF.RS. 
THE ADULT. 
The Hair of the body iron-grey above ; white beneath, and along the 
under surface of the tail ; long black hairs, forming an elevated ciest, on 
the top of the head. 
THE YOUNG. 
The Hair of a reddish fawn colour. 
Inhabits Sumatra. 
The Crested Solemn-Ape, which is identical, according to Temminck, 
with the Presbytis mitrata described in Kotzebue's Voyages, occurs fre- 
quently in the forests near Bencoolen, in the Island of Sumatra. It is 
about two feet in length, and fourteen inches in height, when standing on 
its four hands ; the tail is nearly two feet and a half. The hairs of the 
crest are long, and diverge round the face. The colour of |the young 
animal contrasts remarkably with that of the adult, being of a reddish 
fawn. 
There is a variety of this species with the hair light grey, or whitish, 
called Chingkau Puti by the natives. 
5. SEMNOPITHECUS MAURUS.— NEGRO SOLEMN-APE. 
Syn. I.E TchincOU — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 94. 
SlMlA Maura (Lotong)." Raffles, in Linn. Trans. XIII — Linn. Gmel. 
I. 39. — Fisch. Syn. Mam. 
Cercowthecus Maurus. — GeofT. Ann. Mus. XIX. — Desm, Mam. 
Sejinowthecu.'S pruinosus. — Dcstn. Mam. Suppl. 
Negro Monkey Penn. Quadr. — Shaw, Gen. Zool. 
Icon. Tchincou — F. Cuv. el GeofI’. Hist. Mam. 
SEMNOPITHECUS Maurus. — H orsf. Zool. Jav. 
Black Monkey Edw. Glean, pi. 311. 
specific CHARACTERS. 
THE ADULT. 
The Hair black, sometimes with a white spot beneath the origin of 
the tail. 
THE YOUNG. 
The Hair entirely reddish-brown ; afterwards varied with black spots. 
Inhabits Sumatra and .lava. 
This animal has long been known under the name of La Guenon 
Maube, by which Bufl'on distinguished it (Suppl. Vll.), and was suppos- 
ed by him to have come from Guinea. The hair, which is uniformly 
black in the adults, is very scatity on all the inferior jiarts of the body, 
and especially on the abdomen. The ears and face are naked, excepting 
the lips and sides of the mouth, where some white hairs may be observed ; 
the colour of the skin is blueish. The hair on tlie hands is scanty, the 
skin of the hands and callosities black. The iris of the eye is of a 
bright orange-) ellow. The liair diverges from the crown of the head, so 
as to project over the forehead in front, and to form a kind of crest be- 
hind. According to Raffles, it is not easily tamed. 
The young, instead of being black, are at first reddish-brown, and it is 
not until tliey have cast their hair that they gradually assume the dark 
hue of the adult. 
6. SEMNOPITHECUS FLAVIMANUS.— YELLOW-HANDED 
SOLEMN- A PE. 
Syn. Le Semnopitheque aux mains jaunes Isid. Geoff, in Belang. Voy. 
Icon. SEMNOPITHECUS FLAVUIANUS.— Less.3 Cent. Zool. pi. 40. 
specific characters. 
The Hair reddish-brown above, white beneath ; a tuft of long grey 
hairs above, and on the back of the head; hands of a clear yellow. 
Inhabits Sumatra. 
In form this Solemn-Ape approaches nearly to the Simpai (.'J), but is 
sufficiently well characterized by the colour of the hands. The upper 
part of the body is of a clear reddish-brown in which black hairs are in- 
termixed ; the dark hairs are much less abundant on the sides, and con- 
sequeiitly the reddish tint becomes much more pure. The inner surface 
of the arms is of the same wliitish tint as the under part of the body ; and 
the under surface of the tail is white throughout the first quarter of its 
length, and afterwards reddish, which is tlie colour of the entire upper 
surface. The external regions of the hinder limbs, of the fore-arms and 
hands, are of a fine deep gold-yellow, inclining to red upon the thighs 
and fore-arms, and very pale upon the fingers. The internal surface of 
the limbs, beneath the body and head, as well as the very long hairs which 
cross the hinder surface of the cheek,s, are white. 
This animal is of the same dimensions as tlie Simpai, but its tail is 
longer. It has the same reniaikable tuft on the head as S. melalophus 
and S. comatus, but the forehead, and sides of the head, as far as the 
ears, are covered with hairs of the ordinary length, of a bright gold-yel- 
low, inclining to red. The hairs in the middle of the crest are, on the 
contrary, very long, and form a kind of compressed cap. In S. melalo- 
phus the crest is black, while it is of a dirty white in S. flavimanus, with 
the exception of the anterior part, which is blackish. 
The face appears to be blackish, the eyelids white, and the nails brown- 
ish. 
The specimen, first described by Isidore-Geoffroy and figured by Les- 
son, was sent from Sumatra by Diard and Duvaucel. 
7. SEMNOPITHECUS FASCICULARIS.— KRA SOLEMN-APE. 
Syn. SiMiA FASCICULARIS (Kra) Raffles, in Linn. Trans. XIII. 246. 
Icon. 
specific characters. 
The Hair of the hack and upper part of ttie head reddish-brown ; the 
tail and sides of the body grey ; lighter beneath, and on the limbs. 
The Face brown, covered with short grey hairs. 
Inhabits Sumatra and the Malay Islands. 
These animals, for our knowledge of which we are indebted to Sir T. 
Stamford Baffles, occur very frequently in tlie forests of the Malay Islands 
in largo companies. Their name is derived from their cry ; they are not 
easily tamed. 
The body is about twenty inches in length, and the tail rather more. 
The cheeks are furnished with liglit grey tufts much longer than the 
beard. The eyelids, particularly the upper ones, are white ; the eyes 
are brown, tlie eyebrows prominent, and the muzzle projecting. The 
nose is prominent between the eyes and flat at its point, where the nos- 
trils open obliquely some way above the lip. The ears are rather round, 
and pointed obtusely behind. 
A whiter variety, with a reddish shade on the back, is distinguished by 
the natives. 
A smaller animal, probably the young of the Kra, is called Kra Buku 
by the natives. It agrees in most respects with the Kra, but is not more 
than a foot in length, and occurs very commonly. The head has very 
little hair on the temples, and it wants the circle round the lace. 
8. SEMNOPITHECUS CUCULLATUS HOODED SOLEMN-APE. 
Syn. Le Semnopitheque a capuchon — Isid. Geoff, in Belong. Voy. 
Icon. Belang. Voy. pi. 1. (Maromiferes.) 
SPECIFIC characters. 
The Hair of the body dark-hrown ; of the limbs and tail, black; of 
the head, light brown. 
Tun Tail very long. 
Inhabits Hindoostan. 
This Ape was discovered by M. Leschenaiilt de la Tour, in the moun- 
tains of the Ghauts. Subsequently M. Belanger found several individuals 
in the western Gnauts, and Dussumier brought some specimens from 
Bombay to the Paris Museum. 
The upper part and sides of the head, as well as the throat, arc ye*' 
lowish-brown, and. by their clear tint, contrast remarkably with the re- 
mainder of the hair, wliich is dark-brown on the flanks, loins, and thighs > 
blackish on the nicditd line of the back, and on tlie thighs, legs, and arms > 
while the fore-arms, all the hands, and the tail, are pure black. Benea 
the body, and on the internal surface of the arms and thighs, tlie hair i 
scanty. Tlie nails are black. The face is mostly naked, as in tlie ot e 
Solemn- Apes, and surrounded by a circle of black bristles, stiff, and to 
lerably long. On the sides of tlie face, these bristles are not uumerous< 
and point outwards ; while on the forehead the bristles are very abun an ^ 
and are more or less directed upwards. This arrangement is foun 
other Solemn- Apes, and remarkably so in the Entellus. The 
covered with black hairs, and strike the eye prominently in the mi ® 
the light-brown hairs of the remainder of the head. The lengtli o 
animal is about two feet, and the tail is slightly shorter. 
It 1® 
1 The name Croo is given by the Malays indiserirainately to certain Apes of Sumatra belonging to the genera Macacus and Semnopithecus, from their cries, 
written Krro by Desmarest, and Cm by Desmoulins, but both of these appear to be typographical errors. , e Cuvier. 
2 There is some variation in respect to these Malayan names. Raffles calls the S. comatus Chingkau, and the S. maurus, Lotong. — Sole of the Uaron 
must remark, however, that Raffles alwavs gives the Malayan characters, and he is c.iTlainly the best authority. 
3 Less. Cent. Zool Centurie Zoolugiquo, ou Choix d'An;raaa.\ Rares. Par U. P. Le.ssoii. Paris, 1830. 
