ORDER QUADRUMANA — GENUS MACACUS. 
162 
external surface exhibits a strongly marked depression. In the lower jaw, 
the heel of the last molar is composed of two tubercles, the external one, 
equal in size to the one in front of it, and the internal much smaller. 
These particulars were drawn from the examination of a M. Sinicus, and 
they appear to belong equally to all the other species of the genera Ma- 
cacus and Cynocephalus. 
The Macacos may be arranged in three sections, depending on the 
length of the tail ; the Long-tailed Macacos (Cercocebes; ; the Short- 
tailed Macacos (Maimons) ; and the Tail-less Macacos (Jlagots). 
(A.) Long-tailed Macacos. (Cercocebes.) 
The first section contains five species. These approach nearly to the 
Guenons, and many authors have placed them in the same group ; others 
have formed the genus Cercocebtis by uniting them to some Guenons 
with longer muzzles, and arranged them immediately after the Guenons. 
Indeed, the Long-tailed Macacos bear much resemblance to the Guen- 
ons in their general form. Their muzzle is shorter than in the other sec- 
tions, the brain more voluminous, the body not so clumsy and massive, 
the tail is as long or longer than the body, and some are rather mild in 
their dispositions. 
1. MACACUS SINICUS — CHINESE-BONNETED MACACO. 
Syn. Le Bo.vnet Chinois — C uv. Reg. Anim. I. 95. 
SiiUA SiNtCA — Linn. Gmel. I. 34 Fisch. Syn. Mam. 
Cercocebos Sinicus. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 98. 
Macacos Sinicus. — Desm. Mam Isid. Geoff, in Belang. Voy. 
Jeon. Le Bonnet Chinois. — Audeb. Sing Buff. Hist. Nat., Suppl. VII. pi. 
16. 
Bonnet Chinois — F. Cuv. ct Geoff. Hist. Mara. 
specific characters. 
The Haxr of a bright gold-yellow above, white beneath; the face 
flesh-coloured ; the hair on the top of the head arranged in rays, forming 
a kind of bonnet. 
Inhabits Bengal and Ceylon. 
The Chinese- Bonneted Monkey, so called from the manner in which 
the hair diverges on the top of the head, displays the usual disposition of 
the Guenons, exhibiting, when in confinement, a mixture of playfulness 
and malice extremely amusing. It seems to share the religious veneration 
of the Hindoos in common with many other Apes. 
All the upper parts of the body are of a brilliant gold-yellow, resulting 
from hairs which are grey at the base, but covered with rings of black 
and yellow through the rest of their length, in which, however, the yellow 
rings predominate. The tail is slightly browner; the cheek-tufts, the 
inner surface of the limbs, the under part of the neck, the breast, and ab- 
domen, are whitish ; the hands, feet, and ears, blackish, and its face flesh- 
coloured ; the under-lip only is margined with black. The eyes are brown. 
The hair of the head appears to hang down in long tufts, rather than to 
compose a compact bonnet. In the young, this ornament is more divided, 
and exactly resembles the hair of the next species, to which it is very 
nearly allied. 
2. MACACUS RADIATUS RADIATED .MACACO. 
Syn. Le Toque. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 95. 
Cercocebus RADIATUS — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 98. 
Macacos r.U)iatcs — Desm. Mam. 64 Isid. Geoff, in Belang. Voy. 
SiMiA mujiATA. — Fisch. Syn. Mam. 
Icon. Le Bonnet Chinois. — Buff. Hist Nat XIV. pi. 30 ? 
Toque Male. — F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist Mam. 
specific characters. 
The Hair of the head and body greenish-brown above, wliite beneath ; 
the limbs grey externally ; the tail brownish or blackish above, white be- 
neath. 
Inh.vbits the East Indies. 
Tliis animal, which occurs most frequently on the Malabar Coast, is 
remarkable for the singular form of its head and muzzle, and in these re- 
spects differs remarkably from all other known Macacos. These have 
the muzzle thick and clumsy, while in the Radiated Macaco it is thin 
and narrow, and tlie forehead is naked and full of wrinkles. It is further 
characterized “ par la forme dii ghind de la verge. Chez les autres Ma- 
caques cet organe est siniplement pyriforme; chez les Toques, 11 se com- 
pose de trois paities'distinctes ; I’anterieure, qui est en forme de poire, et le 
posterieiire, formee dc deux bourlets epals ; de sorte que, dans lerection 
la coupe longitudinale de ce gland presenterait la figure d'une feuille a 
trois lobes, les deux lateraux arrondis, et le raoyen allonge.” 
The hair is silky, and of a greenish-grey, owing to the hairs, which are 
grey at their innermost half, being divided throughout the remainder of 
their length by rings of black and dirty yellow. The diverging hairs on 
the upper part of the head are not very long, but their radiated form is 
constant in all the species hitherto examined. The skin of the hands 
has a violet tinge, that of the face and all other naked parts is flesh-co- 
loured. 
3. MACACUS CYNOMOLGUS COMMON MACACO. 
Syn. Le Macaque de Bufeon — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 95. 
Cercocebus cvnomolgus. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 
Macacus cvnomolgus Desm. Mam. 65. 
Simia CYNOMOLGUS.— Linn. Gmel. I. 31 Fisch. Syn. Mam. 
Macacus Irus. — F. Cuv. in Mem. Mus.' IV. 
Icon. Macaque male, fcmelle adultc, jeunc male, tetc de femelle d’un jour. 
— F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist. Mam. 
Bu6. Hist. Nat. XIV. pi. 20. — Schreb. Saiigth. pi. 13. 
specific characters. 
The Hair greenish-brown, dotted with black above, whitish beneath ; 
the tail blackish above, ash-coloured beneath. 
Inhabits Sumatra and Java. 
Though wholly unacquainted with tlie peculiarities of the Common 
Macaco in its wild state, we are fortunately in possession of many im- 
portant facts, obtained by M. Frederic Cuvier, from the examination of 
several living specimens of different ages and sexes, in the Paris Mena- 
gerie. He was thus enabled to record the several phenomena of repro- 
duction, as well as the changes which the young undergo from birth to 
their mature age. 
The adult is rather more than one foot nine inches in length, and the 
tail about one foot eight inches. Its entire form is heavy and clumsy, es- 
pecially in the fore part of tlie body. The head is broad, flattened at the 
vortex, and very strong in proportion ; the muzzle is short and obtuse, the 
nose flat, and a strong crest, advancing over the eyelids, covers the eyes. 
The fingers are united by a membrane as low as the second phalanx. 
The colours of its coat arise from the intermixture of golden-yellow hair, 
with black, over a greyisb ground, from the combination of which it pre- 
sents a general tint of pale greenish-brown ; all the inferior parts are ofa 
light grey, as well as the imier surface of the limbs. The tail is blackish, 
the feet entirely black, the face flesh-coloured and almost naked. Be- 
tween the eyes there is a spot much whiter than any of the surrounding 
parts. The cheek-tufts are composed of short greenish hairs. The liead is 
destitute of any crest or hairy appendage, and the hairs lie flat with their 
points diiestcd backwards, those of the cheeks are grey, scanty, and di- 
rected forwards. Tlie iris is brown. The parts of generation are flesh- 
coloured, the gland pear-shaped; and the scrotum remarkably large. The 
canine teeth are long and very strong. 
The female is considerably smaller than the male, being only about fif- 
teen inches in length ; her form is more compact. The head is smaller, 
and the superciliary crest, which entirely covers the eyelids, is not nearly 
so prominent. The canine teeth are small, and do not pass beyond the 
incisors, and this peculiarity is common to all the females of the genus. 
The ftice is surrounded with long grey and straight hairs, giving it a 
bristly appearance, of which the male is wholly deprived. The hair on 
the top of the head is directed towards the medial line, and forms rather 
an elevated crest, extending from the top of the forehead to the occiput. 
In other respects the female entirely resembles the mule. 
At birth, the head of the young Macaco is rather long in front, com- 
pared to its dimensions from right to left ; the muzzle projects, but the 
forehead is straight. The skin is flesh-coloured, excepting between the 
interval of the eyes, where it is white. All the hairs are black, and ap- 
pear in greatest plenty on the upper parts of the body ; the under parts 
are nearly naked. Tlie liair at tlie end of the tail appears long, and ter- 
minates in a tuft. On the top of the head it extends from the medii'l 
line, pointing obliquely backwards, and, finally uniting in the occiput, 
forms a kind of crest. It has two pectoral mamma:, the callosities are 
prominent, but are not yet become hard. 
In the course of the first year, tlie muzzle gradually lengthens, and the 
head becomes n.arrower, the superciliary crest being still wanting. T*’® 
incisives appear, and the first canine begins to protrude in the lower ja"'" 
After the first casting of the hair, the greenish hair of the adult succeeds, 
e.xceptirig on tlie fore-part of the top of tlie head, and the face is not yet 
surrounded with those thick hairs which afterwards appear. All its pt®' 
portions resemble those of the adult, and the interval separating tlie eye® 
is always white. In the third year, the young male very much resemble® 
the adult female. 
The Common Macaco is one of the most iintractable animals of tlte 
genus, and yields with difficulty to the ordinary methods of taming- 
rests either on all the four hands, or upon the callosities, and eats in either 
’ Mkm. Mus — Memoires du Masaum d’Histoire Natarcllo de Paris, par les Professeurs de cet etablissement. Paris, 1816, et aeq. 
