THE MACACOS. 
163 
of these positions by raising the food to tlie mouth with the forc-liaiids, 
or hy seizing it with tive mouth itself. Before swallowing it always fills 
tile cheek-pouches, and it drinks hy sucking up. When retiring to rest, 
it sleeps on the side, with the limbs folded up, and the head between the 
legs, or else in a sitting posture, with the back curved and the head rest- 
ing upon the breast. Its voice is a hoarse cry, becoming very loud when 
the animal is enraged, but when pleased it emits a soft kind of whistle. 
The period of gestation in the female is seven months, “ et ses parties de 
la generation ne paraissent point entourees, a lepoquo du rut, de ces ex- 
uberances si rcmarquables, et quelquefois si monstrueuscs chez d'autres 
cspeces de Macaques, de Babouins. et meine de Guenons. 11s s’accou- 
plent chaque jour trois ou quatre fois, a la mauiSre ii-pou-pres de tous 
les quadrupedes. Pour cet effet, Ic nude empoignait la femelle aux talons, 
avec les mains de des pieds de doriiere, et aux epaules, avec ses mains 
anterieures, et ruccouplement ne durait que deux ou trois secondes.” 
Vab. Aygula. — Egret Macaco. 
Syn. L’ Aigrette. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 95. 
Cercocebus Aygiila Geoli’. Ann. Mus. XIX. 
Icon. Bull'. Hist. Nat. XIV. pi. 21 Schreb. Saiigth. pi. 22. 
L’Aigrette. — Audeb. Sing. 
The Egret Macaco (L’Aigrette), figured in BufFon, XIV. pi. 21, 
appears to be merely a vatiety distinguished by a bunch of long 
hair on the top of the head. 
There are two other varieties, the one with long and thick hair of a 
deeper green, the other marked with black on several parts of the body. 
4. MACACUS AUREUS.— TAWNY MACACO. 
Syn. Tawny Monkey. — Penn. Quadr. 1. 211. 
Le Macaqiie boux-dore Isid. Geoff, in B^lang. Voy. 
Icon. Belang. Voy. pi. 2. (Mammiferes). 
srncine characters. 
The Hair of the body orange-red, dotted with black above, tawny on 
the sides, greyish beneath. 
Inhabits Bengal, Pegu, Java, and Sumatra. 
This animal was first noticed by Pennant, from a living specimen in 
Brookes’ exhibition ; lately, skins have been sent from the East Indies to 
the Paris Museum by Leschenault, Rcnaiid, Duvuucel, and Diard, pro- 
cured from the localities above-mentioned. It is very common in the 
markets of Calcutta. 
Ill every respect excepting colour it greatly resembles the Common 
Macaco, the greenish tint of the former being replaced by red. The up- 
per part of the bead and body is covered with hairs, grey at their base, 
with tlie points anmilatud witli black and red, forming by their combina- 
tion an orange-red, dotted with black. The limbs are greyish externally, 
und white on their internal surface ; the under part of the body and under 
surface of the tail are likewise wliite. The flanks are tawny, the red 
blending insensibly into grey. The cheeks are covered behind with long 
white hairs directed backwards. 'I’be eyelids are white, and are separated 
on tile medial line by some black luiirs. Finally, there is usually found 
ficneatli the chin a buncli of red hair pointing downwards. 
This animal is merely said by Poniiant to be “ very ill-natured.” 
5. MACACUS MONTANUS — MOUNTAIN MACACO. 
Syn. ol Icon. Macacos gelada. — Rupp. Neuo Wirbeltb. pi. 2. (Saiigthiere.) 
SPECIFIC Cll.VUACTEIlS. 
The IIaiii very long on the back and binder part of the head ; body 
fiopp reddisli-browii above, blending into light wood-brown' on the head, 
Heck, sides, limbs, and tail ; beneath the body, the fore-arms, and all the 
fiands, (huk-brown. 
The 'fAiL ending in a tuft. 
The Pace and Callosities naked and blackish grey. 
The Throat and Upper Part of the Breast each with a naked space 
‘0 front. 
This well characterized Macaco was discovered hy Ruppell in the ele- 
''ated mounta:ri cliain of the Abyssinian provinces of Haremat, Simen, 
and Godjnin, at a height of about 8000 feet above the level of the sea. 
E is found in numerous families tliroughout those rocky regions wliicli 
are overgrown with bushes, but always upon the ground, differing in tliis 
tsspect very remarkably from most other Quadrumatious animals. Seeds, 
I'oots, and the young buds of plants, form its usual food, which it seeks 
fur in liirge companies. Its devastations upon the cultivated fields of tl e 
natives arc very freipicntly experienced ; by niglit, it remains concealed in 
file lioles and clefts of the rocks. When attacked, it emitted a loud 
hoarse bark, and attempted to defend itself. 
In the adult male, the hinder part of tlie head, the cheek-tufts in front. 
the parotid region, neck, and back, are densely covered with hair about 
ten inches in length, giving the animal the appearance of being covered 
with a mantle, which hangs down over the neck and arms. The hair of 
tile forehead, ears, and neck, the cheek-tufts, as well as the hinder-legs 
and tail, are hazel colour or wood-brown ; that of the sides and along the 
back is a deep reddish-brown blending into hazel. On the fore part of the 
neck and breast, there are two large naked spots, flesh-coloured and angular, 
with their corners directed to each other, somewhat resembling the form of 
an hour-glass. These naked spots are marked with rings, in which grey 
and white hairs are scantily dispersed. The naked callosities of the but- 
tocks are closely approximated to each other, their colour being blackish- 
grey. The nails are black, long, and arched ; those of the fore-hands be- 
ing much larger than on the hinder. The tail is long, very hairy, and 
terminates in a thick tuft. The entire animal has a very massive appear- 
ance, owing to the thick and long hair in which it is enveloped. It car- 
ries its body bent rather backwards, but in a horizontal position ; and holds 
tlie tail curved upwards near the root, but with the tuft hanging vertically 
downwards. The hair round the face stands erect, giving the animal a 
wild and formidable appearance, especially when it shows its teeth. It 
is known to the inliabitants hy the name of Gucreza. 
The young males have the hair of the neck much shorter and more 
plentiful, and the deep reddish-brown colour appears over the whole ; as 
the animal increases in size, it gradually acquires the light hazel tint. The 
adult female is altogether as deeply coloured as the young male. The 
adult male is about 3 feet 2 inches in length. 
(B.) Short-tailed Mac.acos. (Maimons.) 
Some species of Macacos are distinguished by having a short 
tail. 
In this section, which contains four species, the muzzle becomes more 
elongated, and the tail, which is always less than the body, in some of 
the species is excessively short. The Rhesus and Pig-tailed Macacos 
form the types of the subdivision. 
6. MACACUS SILENUS.— WANDEROO MACACO. 
Syn. Le Macaque a crini^re. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 94, 
Papio Silenu.s. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 102. 
Macacos Silenus. — Desm. Mam. — Isid, Geoff, in Belang. Voy. 
Lion-tailed Monkey Penn. Quadr. 
Simia Silenus. — linn. Gmel. — S. Leonina. — Linn. 
Icon. L’Ouanderou. — Audeb. Sing. 
Ouanderou femelle.— F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist. Mam. 
Buff. Hist. Nat. XIV. pi. 18. — Schreb. Saiigth. pi. II. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
The Hair black ; a largo greyish crest and white beard surround the 
head ; the under part of the body white ; the tail ending in a tuft. 
Inhabits Ceylon and Hindoostan. 
This animal, first noticed in Knox’s Ceylon, is c.alled Nil-Bandar by 
the natives. 'I'lie adult is exceedingly ferocious, but the young appears 
susceptible of some education. It frequents the woods. 
’fhe abdomen, the breast, and the circle round tlie head, are white ; 
tlie remainder of the body is of a fine black. The hairs are generally long, 
especially round the head, where a greyish crest appears on each side of 
the forehead, uniting in a white heard on the chin, and extending back- 
wards over the cheeks. The tail terminates in a tuft. The callosities 
are reddish, hut the face and hands black. 
The earlier accounts of this animal are, as usual, full of fable and c.x- 
aggerutioii. According to Father Vincent Maria, “ All the other Mon- 
keys pay such profound respect, that they submit and iuimiliate them- 
selves in his presence, as though they were capable of appreciating his 
superiority and pre-eminence. The princes and great lords hold him in 
much estimation, because he is endowed above every other witli gravity, 
capacity, and the appearance of wisdom. He is easily trained to the per- 
formance of a variety of ceremonies, grimaces, and affected courtesies, 
all which he accomplishes in so serious a manner, and to such perfection, 
that it is the most wonderful thing to see them acted with so much ex- 
actness by an irrational animal.” (Vincent Maria fide Bennett.) — Robert 
Knox, in his Historical Relation of Ceylon, tells us, with more probability, 
that “ Tliey do hut little mischief, keeping in the woods, eating only 
leaves and buds of trees ; but when they are cutched they will eat any- 
thing." The specimen in the Museum of the Zoological Society of Lon- 
donlieing young, “ was extremely active, and occasionally very trouble- 
some, hut at the same time a perfectly good-tempered fellow. He was 
very strong, and had his teeth been lull-grown, would in all probability 
have proved a dangerous animal.” (L. 1- Bennett, Gardens and Mena- 
gerie of the Zoological Society.) 
* Wood- Brown Colour of the hazel-nut, — No. 105. Werner’s Nomenclature of Colours. By Patrick Syme. Edinburgh, 1821. 
